Max Born (1882-1970), a German theoretical physicist,
was a pioneer in developing quantum mechanics.
In collaboration with his students and assistants Werner Heisenberg,
Pascual Jordan, and Wolfgang Pauli, he attempted to develop a new
quantum mechanics. When Heisenberg succeeded in 1925, Born and
others were able to advance the theory, using more systematic and
powerful mathematics. For Born's interpretation of the square of
Schrodinger's wave function as the probability of an electron's
position, and for his further clarification of the wave-particle
duality, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1954.