Znanstvena istraživanja u kršu
Hrvatski speleološki poslužitelj
Za liječenje vašeg omiljenog
šišmiša i drugih ljubimaca
VET - svijet
veterinarska
ambulanta
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Znanstvena istraživanja u kršu
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Dr. Dalibor Paar -
Summary of Research
Activities in Croatian Karst and work on Karst Conservation
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PERSONAL INFORMATION (more details in CV section)
Born: 19. September 1969, Samobor, Croatia
Education: PhD in solid state Physics
Employment: Assistant professor at Department of Physics, Faculty of
Science, University of Zagreb
Fields of interest: Scientific research in Croatian karst, Karst conservation in
Croatia with the focus on caves and pits
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RECENT KARST RESEARCH, NATURE PROTECTION AND
RELATED EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Integrated measurements of radon concentrations in pits and caves on Mt. Velebit and Žumberak region (Croatia) were performed by means of passive track etching method with two LR-115 type II detectors (Kodak-Pathé, France). On Mt. Velebit the highest radon concentration of 1.6 kBq/m3 has been recorded in Velebita pit at the depth of 800 m while on Mt. Žumberak the highest value of 21.8 kBq/m3 was measured in Dolača cave 250 m from the entrance in summer time. There is a significant difference in radon concentrations between those two regions that can partially be attributed to different geomophological, hydrological and microclimatic characteristics.
The Munižaba cave is located in the SE part of the Velebit Mountain range called Crnopac. Crnopac massif is mostly built of the upper Paleogene and Neogene carbonate breccias, in literature known as Jelar breccias. Due to the specific mechanical and petrographical properties of Jelar breccias, the terrains built of these breccias are characterized by the extremely developed solution karst landforms, and also the entrance parts of the majority of the deepest explored caves in Croatia are developed in them. Several significant caves are thus discovered in the Crnopac area, whose main morphological characteristic is a network of multiphase cave passages, some of them with very large cross-section dimensions. The most important caves of Crnopac massif are Munižaba (5993m, - 437m), Kita Gaćešina (10603m, -456m), Burinka (325m, -290m), Gornja (Upper cave) (2682m, -42m) and Donja (Lower cave) Cerovačka pećina (1295m, - 22m). The above mentioned caves have not been physically connected by cavers yet, but their corresponding levels probably belong to the same paleodrainage systems. During the recent speleological explorations of the Munižaba cave, microclimatic measurements of cave air temperature, humidity and air circulation, radon concentration measurements and physical and chemical analyses of drip water have been performed periodically in some places.
Paar, Dalibor; Ujević, Magdalena; Bakšić, Darko; Lacković, Damir; Čop, Ana; Radolić, Vanja, Physical and Chemical Research in Velebita pit (Croatia). // Acta carsologica. 37 (2008) , 2-3; 273-278.
Abstract: We have performed measurements of the cave microclimate, water quality parameters and radon concentration to a depth of -1000 m in Velebita Cave system (Northern Velebit, Croatia). The results were analyzed as a function of the cave depth and geomorphological characteristics. Two different air temperature gradients were obtained, which can be attributed to a cave morphology and air circulation in the upper part of the pit. The water quality parameters show that the studied waters are poorly mineralized and are of weakly alkaline type. Water chemistry is probably predominantly controlled by the petrography of the bedrock (limestone) and the cave morphology. Water in the cave is not affected by pollution. The average value of radon concentration is rather low, much lower than in some other Croatian caves.
Abstract: Velebita Cave system (National park Northern Velebit, Croatia), that was discovered in 2003. is the aim of substantial speleological explorations in last 4 years. It is explored to the depth of -1026 m, and it has 513 m long underground free-fall shaft. During the last speleological expedition, cave microclimate, water quality parameters and natural radioactivity were measured down to the depth of -1000 m.
D.Paar and D.Bakšić, Water quality in deep karst of Mt.Velebit, Croatia, project funded by Croatian waters and National park North Velebit, 2007.
Abstract: The water quality parameters, a cave microclimate and a natural radioactivity were measured in situ in Velebita cave (National park North Velebit, Croatia) up to the depths of 1000 meters. The results that will be published are showing interesting behavior of measured parameters.
Abstract: 4 years ago, we started the measurements of the concentration of radioactive gas radon, for the first time in Croatian Caves. Radon is of the special importance because on the average it is the cause of more than a half of a naturally received dose. High differences between caves are the consequence of different microclimatic, geological and other characteristics. Due to high natural radioactivity and high differences of concentration between caves, the continuous monitoring in more locations is required.
Radon
concentration in the Velebita pit (Northern Velebit, Croatia) down to the depth
of 380 m (D.Paar and V.Radolić, 2007., to be published)
Abstract: The difficulties in the protection of two important karst phenomena in Croatia were presented. The Cave in Debeljača quarry was discovered in 2004. while mining in the quarry near Lovinac in Lika region. The Cave in Tounj quarry (Ogulin area in central Croatia) was discovered in 1983. when the mining it the quarry opened a hole on the top of a large cavern. Both caves are not adequately protected from devastation. The scientific and natural values of these caves are presented, and the measures for their protection were analyzed.
In September 2005 the
representatives of Croatian speleologists reported on the devastation of the
Cave in the Tounj quarry:
- The second entrance of the Cave was destroyed.
- The entrance to the channel with the most of valuable phreatic speleothems was
blocked with large rocks.
- The new entrance in the top of the main channel was opened.
- There are numerous areas where parts of the ceiling were fractured and many
large pieces of rock had fallen to the floor.
Problems of the protection of Cave in commercial
limestone quarry:
- Private interest of owner of the quarry.
- Slow reaction of government institutions, without expert evaluation in the
cave.
- Local community supports interests of the quarry due to financial reasons
(workplaces, etc.).
Abstract: Djula's sinkhole and
Medvedica cave are connected into one subterranean system with total channel
length of 16 396 m. Entrance parts of this system (Djula, Medvedica, Badanj)
are known for a long time. The first explorations were performed by Josip Poljak
(1926.) and Mirko Malez (1956- 1957.). The most exhaustive exploration of the
cave was performed by Marijan Čepelak and Speleological section Velebit (Zagreb
from 1984. to 1987.
Djula-Medvedica is a contaminated subterranean system. Main contaminator
is town Ogulin with its waste and sewage waters and refuse deposits by the
precipice and in river Dobra. Contamination of greater or smaller rate can be
observed in the majority of the cave channels. The steps for reducing cave
contamination and cleaning the cave were proposed.
Abstract: The purpose of the research is to collect information about physical properties of the Croatian karst underground. The gamma radiation spectrum will be measured in deep caves, from which the concentration of primordial radionuclides will be determined, and physical parameters that characterize underground microclimate and hydrology will be measured. The measurements on the surface will be compared with the measurements underground. The changes of measured parameters may be correlated with geological, morphological, meteorological, hydrological, biological and other parameters. Investigation and understanding of gamma radiation can contribute to understanding of the physical processes underground. This can contribute to better planning of karst ecosystem protection.
In worldwide research, surface radioactivity was measured, and gamma spectroscopy was used in special geological wells only. Therefore measurements in the caves can give new information about dependence of natural radioactivity on a depth and geological, morphological, hydrological and other characteristics. There is a question of correlation of the natural radioactivity with underground fauna, endemic animals mostly, that have developed different from surface animals. The results of this project can be useful to future geological and hydrological investigations. It is known that specific ratios of concentrations of natural radionuclides are correlated with the changes of the geological characteristics. Better knowledge about underground properties can be used for better protection of this very sensitive karst ecosystem.
Air
and water temperature in a Slovačka pit (Northern Velebit, Croatia) down to the
depth of 1280 m (D.Paar, 2002.)
We present results of speleological exploration and cave climate measurements in the caves of Kita Gavranusa region (Mt.Velebit), Croatia.
Air temperature in 6 pits in Kita Gavranuša
(Northern Velebit, Croatia) region (A.Čop, D.Paar et al. 2004).
Endangered karst phenomena in Croatia (ed. by D.Paar) - this project with Top 10 endangered karst phenomena list was started in 2006. with the support of The Speleological Committee of the Croatian Mountaineering Association. The longest Croatian cave, more than 16 km long cave system Djulin ponor-Medvedica situated under town Ogulin and 8.5 km long Cave in Tounj Quarry are among the most endangered karst phenomena in Croatia. The web page (now in Croatian only) with top 10 list is in development . The financial support for collecting data and presenting the project is needed.
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO KARST (CAVES) - RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION
(the list of all publications is in
CV section)
Paar, Dalibor; Pichler, Srđan.
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Analysis of the Speleothems in Croatia. //
Acta Carsologica (0583-6050) 36 (2007), 1; 233.
Paar, Dalibor; Ujević, Petra; Bakšić, Darko; Lacković,
Damir; Čop, Ana.
Difficulties in the Protection of Karst Phenomena in Croatia: Example of Cave
in Debeljača quarry and Cave in Tounj Quarry.
14th International karstological school - "Sustainable management of natural and
environmental resources on karst", 27.6.-2.7.2006., Karst research institute,
ZRC SAZU, Postojna, Slovenija.
Bakšić, Darko; Paar, Dalibor.
Croatia and the Deep Caves of Northern Velebit. Alpine karst, vol.2, Oliphant
Joe ; Oliphant Tina (ed.)
Dayton, USA : Alpine Karst Foundation, 2006. Str. 105-124.
Paar, Dalibor; Radolić, Vanja; Buzjak, Nenad.
Mjerenje koncentracije radioaktivnog plina radona u špiljama Žumberka (The
Measurements of the concentration of Radioactive Gas Radon in the Caves of Žumberak, Croatia) //
Znanstveno-stručni skup istraživača krša Žumberačke gore, Bregana, 2005. /
Buzjak, Nenad (ur.). Park prirode "Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje" i Speleološki klub "Samobor",
2005. 20.
Božić, Vlado; Josipović, Čedo; Bakšić, Ana; Čepelak,
Marijan; Kovačić, Miron; Kavčić, Dubravko; Malinar, Hrvoje; Novosel, Ljiljana;
Čop, Ana; Hudec, Svjetlan; Bakšić, Darko; Cucančić, Darko; Vrbek, Boris;
Lacković, Damir; Hrašćanec, Sunčica; Rešetar, Siniša; Barišić, Teo; Paar,
Dalibor; Aleraj, Borislav; Železnjak, Ronald; Kuhta, Mladen; Andreis, Marko;
Vračar, Vedran; Rukavina, Darko; Munić, Jagoda; Jalžić, Branko; Ozimec, Roman;
Cvitanović, Hrvoje.
Speleologija (Speleology) .
Zagreb : Planinarsko društvo Sveučilišta Velebit, 2000.
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MEMBERSHIP IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
1998- Member of
Speleological section Velebit,
Radićeva 23, Zagreb, Croatia.
2000- Active role in the The Speleological Committee of the
Croatian Mountaineering Association, Kozarčeva 22, Zagreb, Croatia.
CONTACT
Dr. Dalibor Paar
Department of Physics
Faculty of Science
Bijenicka c. 32, P.P. 331
HR-10002 Zagreb
Croatia
Email: dpaar@phy.hr
Home Page:
www.phy.hr/~dpaar
Tel: 385-98-1726333
Fax: 385-1-4680336