Abasia (n.) Inability to coordinate muscular actions properly in walking.

Abgeordnetenhaus (n.) See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

Abra (n.) A narrow pass or defile; a break in a mesa; the mouth of a ca–on.

Abreaction (n.) See Catharsis, below.

Acclamation (n.) In parliamentary usage, the act or method of voting orally and by groups rather than by ballot, esp. in elections;

Acclamation (n.) the election of a pope or other ecclesiastic by unanimous consent of the electors, without a ballot.

Ace (n.) A single point won by a stroke, as in handball, rackets, etc.; in tennis, frequently, a point won by a service stroke.

Acequia (n.) A canal or trench for irrigating land.

Acetol (n.) Methyl ketol; also, any of various homologues of the same.

Acetonaemia (n.) Alt. of -nemia

-nemia (n.) A morbid condition characterized by the presence of acetone in the blood, as in diabetes.

Acetonuria (n.) Excess of acetone in the urine, as in starvation or diabetes.

Acetophenone (n.) A crystalline ketone, CH3COC6H5, which may be obtained by the dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of acetic and benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the name of hypnone.

A cheval () Astride; with a part on each side; -- used specif. in designating the position of an army with the wings separated by some line of demarcation, as a river or road.

Achromatous (a.) Lacking, or deficient in, color; as, achromatous blood.

Achromic (a.) Free from color; colorless; as, in Physiol. Chem., the achromic point of a starch solution acted upon by an amylolytic enzyme is the point at which it fails to give any color with iodine.

Acid process () That variety of either the Bessemer or the open-hearth process in which the converter or hearth is lined with acid, that is, highly siliceous, material. Opposed to basic process.

Aconitic (a.) Pert. to or designating a crystalline tribasic acid, /, obtained from aconite and other plants. It is a carboxyl derivative of itaconic acid.

Actinogram (n.) A record made by the actinograph.

Actinomycosis (n.) A chronic infectious disease of cattle and man due to the presence of Actinomyces bovis. It causes local suppurating tumors, esp. about the jaw. Called also lumpy jaw or big jaw.

Actinophone (n.) An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays.

Actinophonic (a.) Pertaining to, or causing the production of, sound by means of the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays; as, actinophonic phenomena.

Acutorsion (n.) The twisting of an artery with a needle to arrest hemorrhage.

Acyclic (a.) Not cyclic; not disposed in cycles or whorls

Acyclic (a.) Of a flower, having its parts inserted spirally on the receptacle.

Acyclic (a.) Having an open-chain structure; aliphatic.

Acyl (n.) An acid radical, as acetyl, malonyl, or benzoyl.

Adenoid (n.) A swelling produced by overgrowth of the adenoid tissue in the roof of the pharynx; -- usually in pl.

-mata (pl. ) of Adenoma

Adenoma (n.) A benign tumor of a glandlike structure; morbid enlargement of a gland.

Adenopathy (n.) Disease of a gland.

Adenosclerosis (n.) The hardening of a gland.

Aden ulcer () A disease endemic in various parts of tropical Asia, due to a specific microorganism which produces chronic ulcers on the limbs. It is often fatal. Called also Cochin China ulcer, Persian ulcer, tropical ulcer, etc.

Adios (interj.) Adieu; farewell; good-by; -- chiefly used among Spanish-speaking people.

Adipogenous (a.) Producing fat.

Adipolysis (n.) The digestion of fats.

Adipolytic (a.) Hydrolyzing fats; converting neutral fats into glycerin and free fatty acids, esp. by the action of an enzyme; as, adipolytic action.

-mata (pl. ) of Adipoma

Adipoma (n.) A mass of fat found internally; also, a fatty tumor.

Adipose (n.) The fat present in the cells of adipose tissue, composed mainly of varying mixtures of tripalmitin, tristearin, and triolein. It solidifies after death.

Adjusting plane () Alt. of surface

surface () A small plane or surface, usually capable of adjustment but not of manipulation, for preserving lateral balance in an aeroplane or flying machine.

Admittance (n.) The reciprocal of impedance.

Adobe (n.) Earth from which unburnt bricks are made.

Adobe (n.) Alluvial and playa clays of desert and arid regions, differing from ordinary clays of humid regions in containing carbonates and other soluble minerals.

Adonai (n.) A Hebrew name for God, usually translated in the Old Testament by the word "Lord".

Adrenaline () Alt. of Adrenalin

Adrenalin () A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.

Adsuki bean () A cultivated variety of the Asiatic gram, now introduced into the United States.

Adurol (n.) Either of two compounds, a chlorine derivative and bromine derivative, of hydroquinone, used as developers.

Advancing edge () The front edge (in direction of motion) of a supporting surface; -- contr. with following edge, which is the rear edge.

Advancing surface () The first of two or more surfaces arranged in tandem; -- contr. with following surface, which is the rear surface.

Aeolic (a.) Pertaining to, caused by, or designating, the action of the wind in modifiying the earth's surface; as, aeolic erosion; aeolic sand.

Aerator (n.) That which supplies with air or gas

Aerator (n.) An apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.

Aerator (n.) A fumigator used to bleach grain, destroying fungi and insects.

Aerenchym (n.) Alt. of Aerenchyma

Aerenchyma (n.) A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large intercellular spaces.

Aerial railway () A stretched wire or rope elevated above the ground and forming a way along which a trolley may travel, for conveying a load suspended from the trolley.

Aerial railway () An elevated cableway.

Aerial sickness () A sickness felt by aeronauts due to high speed of flights and rapidity in changing altitudes, combining some symptoms of mountain sickness and some of seasickness.

Aero (n.) An aeroplane, airship, or the like.

Aerobic (a.) Growing or thriving only in the presence of oxygen; also, pertaining to, or induced by, aerobies; as, aerobic fermentation.

Aeroboat (n.) A form of hydro-aeroplane; a flying boat.

Aerobus (n.) An aeroplane or airship designed to carry passengers.

Aeroclub (n.) A club or association of persons interested in aeronautics.

Aerocurve (n.) A modification of the aeroplane, having curved surfaces, the advantages of which were first demonstrated by Lilienthal.

Aerodonetics (n.) The science of gliding and soaring flight.

Aerodrome (n.) A shed for housing an airship or aeroplane.

Aerodrome (n.) A ground or field, esp. one equipped with housing and other facilities, used for flying purposes.

Aerofoil (n.) A plane or arched surface for sustaining bodies by its movement through the air; a spread wing, as of a bird.

Aerogun (n.) A cannon capable of being trained at very high angles for use against aircraft.

Aeromechanic (n.) A mechanic or mechanician expert in the art and practice of aeronautics.

Aeromechanic (a.) Alt. of Aeromechanical

Aeromechanical (a.) Of or pert. to aeromechanics.

Aeromechanics (n.) The science of equilibrium and motion of air or an aeriform fluid, including aerodynamics and aerostatics.

Aeronat (n.) A dirigible balloon.

Aeronef (n.) A power-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine.

Aerophone (n.) A form of combined speaking and ear trumpet.

Aerophone (n.) An instrument, proposed by Edison, for greatly intensifying speech. It consists of a phonograph diaphragm so arranged that its action opens and closes valves, producing synchronous air blasts sufficient to operate a larger diaphragm with greater amplitude of vibration.

Aeroplane (n.) A light rigid plane used in aerial navigation to oppose sudden upward or downward movement in the air, as in gliding machines; specif., such a plane slightly inclined and driven forward as a lifting device in some flying machines; hence, a flying machine using such a device. These machines are called monoplanes, biplanes, triplanes, or quadruplanes, according to the number of main supporting planes used in their constraction. Being heavier than air they depend for their levitation on motion imparted by one or more propellers actuated by a gasoline engine. They start from the ground by a run on small wheels or runners, and are guided by a steering apparatus consisting of horizontal and vertical movable planes. There are many varieties of form and construction, which in some cases are known by the names of their inventors.

Aeroplanist (n.) One who flies in an aeroplane.

Aerostat (n.) A passive balloon; a balloon without motive power.

Aerostation (n.) That part of aeronautics that deals with passive balloons.

Aerotaxis (n.) The positive or negative stimulus exerted by oxygen on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Aerotherapentics (n.) Treatment of disease by the use of air or other gases.

Aeroyacht (n.) A form of hydro-aeroplane; a flying boat.

Aesir (n. pl.) In the old Norse mythology, the gods Odin, Thor, Loki, Balder, Frigg, and the others. Their home was called Asgard.

Affect (n.) The emotional complex associated with an idea or mental state. In hysteria, the affect is sometimes entirely dissociated, sometimes transferred to another than the original idea.

Affiche (n.) A written or printed notice to be posted, as on a wall; a poster; a placard.

Affricate (n.) A combination of a stop, or explosive, with an immediately following fricative or spirant of corresponding organic position, as pf in german Pfeffer, pepper, z (= ts) in German Zeit, time.

Afloat (adv. & a.) Covered with water bearing floating articles; flooded; as, the decks are afloat.

A. F. of L. () American Federation of Labor.

Aftersensation (n.) A sensation or sense impression following the removal of a stimulus producing a primary sensation, and reproducing the primary sensation in positive, negative, or complementary form. The aftersensation may be continuous with the primary sensation or follow it after an interval.

Agar-agar (n.) A gelatinlike substance, or a solution of it, prepared from certain seaweeds containing gelose, and used in the artificial cultivation of bacteria; -- often called agar, by abbreviation.

Age (n.) In poker, the right belonging to the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.

Aggraded (imp. & p. p.) of Aggrade

Aggrading (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Aggrade

Aggrade (v. t.) To bring, or tend to bring, to a uniform grade, or slope, by addition of material; as, streams aggrade their beds by depositing sediment.

Agnus Scythicus () The Scythian lamb, a kind of woolly-skinned rootstock. See Barometz.

Agrotechny (n.) That branch of agriculture dealing with the methods of conversion of agricultural products into manufactured articles; agricultural technology.

Aileron (n.) A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a church.

Aileron (n.) A small plane or surface capable of being manipulated by the pilot of a flying machine to preserve or destroy lateral balance; a hinged wing tip; a lateral stabilizing or balancing plane.

Air brush () A kind of atomizer for applying liquid coloring matter in a spray by compressed air.

Air cooling () In gasoline-engine motor vehicles, the cooling of the cylinder by increasing its radiating surface by means of ribs or radiators, and placing it so that it is exposed to a current of air. Cf. Water cooling.

Aircraft (n. sing. & pl.) Any device, as a balloon, aeroplane, etc., for floating in, or flying through, the air.

Air gap () An air-filled gap in a magnetic or electric circuit; specif., in a dynamo or motor, the space between the field-magnet poles and the armature; clearance.

Air hole () A local region in the atmosphere having a downward movement and offering less than normal support for the sustaining surfaces of a flying machine.

Air line () A path through the air made easy for aerial navigation by steady winds.

Airman (n.) A man who ascends or flies in an aircraft; a flying machine pilot.

Airmanship (n.) Art, skill, or ability in the practice of aerial navigation.

Airol (n.) A grayish green antiseptic powder, consisting of a basic iodide and gallate of bismuth, sometimes used in place of iodoform.

Airsick (a.) Affected with aerial sickness

Airwoman (n.) A woman who ascends or flies in an aircraft.

Ajava (n.) See Ajouan.

Ajouan (n.) Alt. of Ajowan

Ajowan (n.) The fruit of Ammi Copticum, syn. Carum Ajowan, used both as a medicine and as a condiment. An oil containing thymol is extracted from it. Called also Javanee seed, Javanese seed, and ajava.

Alalia (n.) Inability to utter articulate sounds, due either to paralysis of the larynx or to that form of aphasia, called motor, or ataxis, aphasia, due to loss of control of the muscles of speech.

Albert ware () A soft ornamental terra-cotta pottery, sold in the biscuit state for decorating.

Alb Sunday () The first Sunday after Easter Sunday, properly Albless Sunday, because in the early church those who had been baptized on Easter eve laid aside on the following Saturday their white albs which had been put on after baptism.

Albuminosis (n.) A morbid condition due to excessive increase of albuminous elements in the blood.

Alcade (n.) Var. of Alcaid.

Alcaldia (n.) The jurisdiction or office of an alcalde; also, the building or chamber in which he conducts the business of his office.

Alcornoque (n.) The bark of several trees, esp. of Bowdichia virgilioides of Brazil, used as a remedy for consumption; of Byrsonima crassifolia, used in tanning; of Alchornea latifolia, used medicinally; or of Quercus ilex, the cork tree.

Alder fly () Any of numerous neuropterous insects of the genus Sialis or allied genera. They have aquatic larvae, which are used for bait.

Alder fly () An artificial fly with brown mottled wings, body of peacock harl, and black legs.

Aldol (n.) A colorless liquid, C4H8O2, obtained by condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO + CH3CHO = H3CH(OH)CH2CO; also, any of various derivatives of this. The same reaction has been applied, under the name of aldol condensation, to the production of many compounds.

Alem (n.) The imperial standard of the Turkish Empire.

Aleppo boil () Alt. of evil

button () Alt. of evil

evil () A chronic skin affection terminating in an ulcer, most commonly of the face. It is endemic along the Mediterranean, and is probably due to a specific bacillus. Called also Aleppo ulcer, Biskara boil, Delhi boil, Oriental sore, etc.

Aleppo grass () One of the cultivated forms of Andropogon Halepensis (syn. Sorghum Halepense). See Andropogon, below.

Aleuronat (n.) Flour made of aleurone, used as a substitute for ordinary flour in preparing bread for diabetic persons.

Alexia (n.) As used by some, inability to read aloud, due to brain disease.

Alexia (n.) More commonly, inability, due to brain disease, to understand written or printed symbols although they can be seen, as in case of word blindness.

Alfileria (n.) Alt. of Alfilerilla

Alfilerilla (n.) Same as Alfilaria.

Alforja (n.) A saddlebag.

Algin (n.) A nitrogenous substance resembling gelatin, obtained from certain algae.

Algometer (n.) An instrument for measuring sensations of pain due to pressure. It has a piston rod with a blunted tip which is pressed against the skin.

Algonkian (a.) Var. of Algonquian.

Algonkian (a.) Pertaining to or designating a period or era recognized by the United States Geological Survey and some other authorities, between the Archaean and the Paleozoic, from both of which it is generally separated in the record by unconformities. Algonkian rocks are both sedimentary and igneous. Although fossils are rare, life certainly existed in this period.

Algonkian (n.) The Algonkian period or era, or system or group of systems.

Algonquian (a.) Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes. There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees, Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet.

Algonquian (n.) An Algonquian Indian.

Aliphatic (a.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, fat; fatty; -- applied to compounds having an openc-hain structure. The aliphatic compounds thus include not only the fatty acids and other derivatives of the paraffin hydrocarbons, but also unsaturated compounds, as the ethylene and acetylene series.

Alkali (n.) Soluble mineral matter, other than common salt, contained in soils of natural waters.

Alkali flat () A sterile plain, containing an excess of alkali, at the bottom of an undrained basin in an arid region; a playa.

Alkali soil () Any one of various soils found in arid and semiarid regions, containing an unusual amount of soluble mineral salts which effloresce in the form of a powder or crust (usually white) in dry weather following rains or irrigation. The basis of these salts is mainly soda with a smaller amount of potash, and usually a little lime and magnesia. Two main classes of alkali are commonly distinguished: black alkali, which may be any alkaline carbonate, but which practically consists of sodium carbonate (sal soda), which is highly corrosive and destructive to vegetation; and white alkali, characterized by the presence of sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt), which is less injurious to vegetation. Black alkali is so called because water containing it dissolves humus, forming a dark-colored solution which, when it collects in puddles and evaporates, produces characteristic black spots.

Alkali waste () Waste material from the manufacture of alkali; specif., soda waste.

Alleghenian () Alt. of Alleghanian

Alleghanian () Pertaining to or designating the humid division of the Transition zone extending across the northern United States from New England to eastern Dakota, and including also most of Pennsylvania and the mountainous region as far south as northern Georgia.

Allegheny (a.) Of or pertaining to the Allegheny Mountains, or the region where they are situated. Also Al"le*gha`ny.

Alleghany () Pertaining to or designating a subdivision of the Pennsylvanian coal measure.

Allelomorph (n.) One of the pure unit characters commonly existing singly or in pairs in the germ cells of Mendelian hybrids, and exhibited in varying proportion among the organisms themselves. Allelomorphs which under certain circumstances are themselves compound are called hypallelomorphs. See Mendel's law.

Alligator wrench () A kind of pipe wrench having a flaring jaw with teeth on one side.

Allotrophic (a.) Changed or modified in nutritive power by the process of digestion.

Allotrophic (a.) Dependent upon other organisms for nutrition; heterotrophic; -- said of plants unable to perform photosynthesis, as all saprophytes; -- opposed to autotrophic.

Alloy steel () Any steel containing a notable quantity of some other metal alloyed with the iron, usually chromium, nickel, manganese, tungsten, or vanadium.

Alluvial (n.) Alluvial soil; specif., in Australia, gold-bearing alluvial soil.

Alpenglow (n.) A reddish glow seen near sunset or sunrise on the summits of mountains; specif., a reillumination sometimes observed after the summits have passed into shadow, supposed to be due to a curving downward (refraction) of the light rays from the west resulting from the cooling of the air.

Alpenhorn (n.) Alt. of Alphorn

Alphorn (n.) A curved wooden horn about three feet long, with a cupped mouthpiece and a bell, used by the Swiss to sound the ranz des vaches and other melodies. Its notes are open harmonics of the tube.

Alpestrine (a.) Growing on the elevated parts of mountains, but not above the timbe/ line; subalpine.

Alpha paper () A sensitized paper for obtaining positives by artificial light. It is coated with gelatin containing silver bromide and chloride.

Alpha rays () Rays of relatively low penetrating power emitted by radium and other radioactive substances, and shown to consist of positively charged particles (perhaps particles of helium) having enormous velocities but small masses. They are slightly deflected by a strong magnetic or electric field.

Alphol (n.) A crystalline derivative of salicylic acid, used as an antiseptic and antirheumatic.

Alternat (n.) A usage, among diplomats, of rotation in precedence among representatives of equal rank, sometimes determined by lot and at other times in regular order. The practice obtains in the signing of treaties and conventions between nations.

Alternating current () A current which periodically changes or reverses its direction of flow.

Alternator (n.) An electric generator or dynamo for producing alternating currents.

Althing (n.) The national assembly or parliament of Iceland. See Thing, n., 8.

Alto-cumulus (n.) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or grayish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows.

Alto-stratus (n.) A cloud formation similar to cirro-stratus, but heavier and at a lower level.

Aluminography (n.) Art or process of producing, and printing from, aluminium plates, after the manner of ordinary lithography.

Alveolar (a.) Articulated with the tip of the tongue pressing against the alveolar processes of the upper front teeth.

Amanita (n.) A genus of poisonous fungi of the family Agaricaceae, characterized by having a volva, an annulus, and white spores. The species resemble edible mushrooms, and are frequently mistaken for them. Amanita muscaria, syn. Agaricus muscarius, is the fly amanita, or fly agaric; and A. phalloides is the death cup.

Ambary () Alt. of Ambary hemp

Ambary hemp () A valuable East Indian fiber plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), or its fiber, which is used throughout India for making ropes, cordage, and a coarse canvas and sackcloth; -- called also brown Indian hemp.

Amboyna button () A chronic contagious affection of the skin, prevalent in the tropics.

Amboyna pine () The resiniferous tree Agathis Dammara, of the Moluccas.

Ambrosia (n.) The food of certain small bark beetles, family Scolytidae believed to be fungi cultivated by the beetles in their burrows.

Ambrosia beetle () A bark beetle that feeds on ambrosia.

American plan () In hotels, aplan upon which guests pay for both room and board by the day, week, or other convenient period; -- contrasted with European plan.

American Protective Association () A secret organization in the United States, formed in Iowa in 1887, ostensibly for the protection of American institutions by keeping Roman Catholics out of public office. Abbrev. commonly to A. P .A.

Amidol (n.) A salt of a diamino phenol, C6H3(OH)(NH2)2, used as a developer.

Amigos (pl. ) of Amigo

Amigo (n.) A friend; -- a Spanish term applied in the Philippine Islands to friendly natives.

Aminol (n.) A colorless liquid prepared from herring brine and containing amines, used as a local antiseptic.

Amish (n. pl.) The Amish Mennonites.

Amish (a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the followers of Jacob Amman, a strict Mennonite of the 17th century, who even proscribed the use of buttons and shaving as "worldly conformity". There are several branches of Amish Mennonites in the United States.

Amitosis (n.) Cell division in which there is first a simple cleavage of the nucleus without change in its structure (such as the formation of chromosomes), followed by the division of the cytoplasm; direct cell division; -- opposed to mitosis. It is not the usual mode of division, and is believed by many to occur chiefly in highly specialized cells which are incapable of long-continued multiplication, in transitory structures, and in those in early stages of degeneration.

Amitotic (a.) Of or pertaining to amitosis; karyostenotic; -- opposed to mitotic.

Ammonal (n.) An explosive consisting of a mixture of powdered aluminium and nitrate of ammonium.

Ammoniacal fermentation () Any fermentation process by which ammonia is formed, as that by which urea is converted into ammonium carbonate when urine is exposed to the air.

Amole (n.) Any detergent plant, or the part of it used as a detergent, as the roots of Agave Americana, Chlorogalum pomeridianum, etc.

Ampelopsis (n.) A genus formerly including the Virginia creeper.

Amperage (n.) The strength of a current of electricity carried by a conductor or generated by a machine, measured in amperes.

Ampere foot () A unit, employed in calculating fall of pressure in distributing mains, equivalent to a current of one ampere flowing through one foot of conductor.

Ampere hour () The quantity of electricity delivered in one hour by a current whose average strength is one ampere. It is used as a unit of quantity, and is equal to 3600 coulombs. The terms Ampere minute and Ampere second are sometimes similarly used.

Ampere turn () A unit equal to the product of one complete convolution (of a coiled conductor) into one ampere of current; thus, a conductor having five convolutions and carrying a current of half an ampere is said to have 2/ ampere turns. The magnetizing effect of a coil is proportional to the number of its ampere turns.

Amter (pl. ) of Amt

E (pl. ) of Amt

Amts (pl. ) of Amt

Amt (n.) An administrative territorial division in Denmark and Norway.

Amvis (n.) An explosive consisting of ammonium nitrate, a derivative of nitrobenzene, chlorated napthalene, and wood meal.

-l/ (pl. ) of Amygdala

Amygdala (n.) An almond.

Amygdala (n.) One of the tonsils of the pharynx.

Amygdala (n.) One of the rounded prominences of the lower surface of the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum, each side of the vallecula.

Amyl alcohol () Any of eight isomeric liquid compounds, C5H11OH; ordinarily, a mixture of two of these forming a colorless liquid with a peculiar cough-exciting odor and burning taste, the chief constituent of fusel oil. It is used as a source of amyl compounds, such as amyl acetate, amyl nitrite, etc.

Amyl nitrite () A yellowish oily volatile liquid, C5H11NO2, used in medicine as a heart stimulant and a vasodilator. The inhalation of its vapor instantly produces flushing of the face.

Amylogen (n.) That part of the starch granule or granulose which is soluble in water.

Amylogenesis (n.) The formation of starch.

Amylogenic (a.) Of or pert. to amylogen.

Amylogenic (a.) Forming starch; -- applied specif. to leucoplasts.

Amylolysis (n.) The conversion of starch into soluble products, as dextrins and sugar, esp. by the action of enzymes.

Amylometer (n.) Instrument for determining the amount of starch in a substance.

Amyloplastic (a.) Starch-forming; amylogenic.

Amylopsin (n.) The diastase of the pancreatic juice.

Anabranch (n.) A branch of a river that reenters, or anastomoses with, the main stream; also, less properly, a branch which loses itself in sandy soil.

Anaerobia (n. pl.) Alt. of Anaerobes

Anaerobes (n. pl.) Anaerobic bacteria. They are called facultative anaerobia when able to live either in the presence or absence of free oxygen; obligate, or obligatory, anaerobia when they thrive only in its absence.

Anaerobic (a.) Not requiring air or oxygen for life; -- applied especially to those microbes to which free oxygen is unnecessary; anaerobiotic; -- opposed to aerobic.

Analgen (n.) Alt. of Analgene

Analgene (n.) A crystalline compound used as an antipyretic and analgesic, employed chiefly in rheumatism and neuralgia. It is a complex derivative of quinoline.

Anamorphoscope (n.) An instrument for restoring a picture or image distorted by anamorphosis to its normal proportions. It usually consists of a cylindrical mirror.

Anaseismic (a.) Moving up and down; -- said of earthquake shocks.

Anastigmatic (a.) Not astigmatic; -- said esp. of a lens system which consists of a converging lens and a diverging lens of equal and opposite astigmatism but different focal lengths, and sensibly free from astigmatism.

Anastomose (v. i.) Of any channels or lines, to meet and unite or run into each other, as rivers; to coalesce; to interjoin.

Anchor escapement () The common recoil escapement.

Anchor escapement () A variety of the lever escapement with a wide impulse pin.

Anchor light () The lantern shown at night by a vessel at anchor. International rules of the road require vessels at anchor to carry from sunset to sunrise a single white light forward if under 150 feet in length, and if longer, two such lights, one near the stern and one forward.

Anchor shot () A shot made with the object balls in an anchor space.

Anchor space () In the balk-line game, any of eight spaces, 7 inches by 3/, lying along a cushion and bisected transversely by a balk line. Object balls in an anchor space are treated as in balk.

Anchor watch () A detail of one or more men who keep watch on deck at night when a vessel is at anchor.

Ancillary administration () An administration subordinate to, and in aid of, the primary or principal administration of an estate.

Androcephalous (a.) Having a human head (upon an animal's body), as the Egyptian sphinx.

Androdioecious (a.) Alt. of -diecious

-diecious (a.) Having perfect and staminate flowers on different plants.

Andromede (n.) Alt. of Andromed

Andromed (n.) A meteor appearing to radiate from a point in the constellation Andromeda, -- whence the name.

Andropogon (n.) A very large and important genus of grasses, found in nearly all parts of the world. It includes the lemon grass of Ceylon and the beard grass, or broom sedge, of the United States. The principal subgenus is Sorghum, including A. sorghum and A. halepensis, from which have been derived the Chinese sugar cane, the Johnson grass, the Aleppo grass, the broom corn, and the durra, or Indian millet. Several East Indian species, as A. nardus and A. schoenanthus, yield fragrant oils, used in perfumery.

Anemosis (n.) A condition in the wood of some trees in which the rings are separated, as some suppose, by the action of high winds upon the trunk; wind shake.

Anergia (n.) Alt. of Anergy

Anergy (n.) Lack of energy; inactivity.

-omata (pl. ) of Angioma

Angioma (n.) A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood or lymph vessels.

Angioneurosis (n.) Any disorder of the vasomotor system; neurosis of a blood vessel.

Angiopathy (n.) Disease of the vessels, esp. the blood vessels.

Angle of entry () The angle between the tangent to the advancing edge (of an aerocurve) and the line of motion; -- contrasted with angle of trail, which is the angle between the tangent to the following edge and the line of motion.

Angle of incidence () The angle between the chord of an aerocurve and the relative direction of the undisturbed air current.

Anglo-Catholicism (n.) The belief of those in the Church of England who accept many doctrines and practices which they maintain were those of the primitive, or true, Catholic Church, of which they consider the Church of England to be the lineal descendant.

Angusticlave (n.) A narrow stripe of purple worn by the equites on each side of the tunic as a sign of rank.

Anilinism (n.) A disease due to inhaling the poisonous fumes present in the manufacture of aniline.

Animalculism (n.) The theory that the spermatozoon and not the ovum contains the whole of the embryo; spermatism; -- opposed to ovism.

Anisocoria (n.) Inequality of the pupils of the eye.

Anisol (n.) Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5OCH3, got by distilling anisic acid or by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.

Anisometropia (n.) Unequal refractive power in the two eyes.

Anisospore (n.) A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size; -- opposed to isospore.

Anisyl (n.) The univalent radical, CH3OC6H4, of which anisol is the hydride.

Anisyl (n.) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CH2; as, anisyl alcohol.

Anisyl (n.) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CO, of anisic acid.

-tos (pl. ) of Anito

Anito (n.) In Guam and the Philippines, an idol, fetich, or spirit.

Ankh (n.) A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also crux ansata.

Ankus (n.) An elephant goad with a sharp spike and hook, resembling a short-handled boat hook.

Ankylostomiasis (n.) A disease due to the presence of the parasites Agchylostoma duodenale, Uncinaria (subgenus Necator) americana, or allied nematodes, in the small intestine. When present in large numbers they produce a severe anaemia by sucking the blood from the intestinal walls. Called also miner's anaemia, tunnel disease, brickmaker's anaemia, Egyptian chlorosis.

Anlaut (n.) An initial sound, as of a word or syllable.

Annunciation lily () The common white lily (Lilium candidum). So called because it is usually introduced by painters in pictures of the Annunciation.

Anoetic (a.) Unthinkable.

Anoetic (a.) Not subject to conscious attention; having an indefinite, relatively passive, conscious being; characteristic of the "fringe" or "margin" of consciousness.

Anopheles (n.) A genus of mosquitoes which are secondary hosts of the malaria parasites, and whose bite is the usual, if not the only, means of infecting human beings with malaria. Several species are found in the United States. They may be distinguished from the ordinary mosquitoes of the genus Culex by the long slender palpi, nearly equaling the beak in length, while those of the female Culex are very short. They also assume different positions when resting, Culex usually holding the body parallel to the surface on which it rests and keeping the head and beak bent at an angle, while Anopheles holds the body at an angle with the surface and the head and beak in line with it. Unless they become themselves infected by previously biting a subject affected with malaria, the insects cannot transmit the disease.

Anorthoclase (n.) A feldspar closely related to orthoclase, but triclinic. It is chiefly a silicate of sodium, potassium, and aluminium. Sp. gr., 2.57 -- 2.60.

Anorthopia (n.) Distorted vision, in which straight lines appear bent.

Anorthosite (n.) A granular igneous rock composed almost exclusively of a soda-lime feldspar, usually labradorite.

-emia (n.) An abnormal condition due to deficient aeration of the blood, as in balloon sickness, mountain sickness.

Ant cow () Any aphid from which ants obtain honeydew.

Antechoir (n.) A space inclosed or reserved at the entrance to the choir, for the clergy and choristers.

Antechoir (n.) Where a choir is divided, as in some Spanish churches, that division of it which is the farther from the sanctuary.

Ante mortem () Before death; -- generally used adjectivelly; as, an ante-mortem statement; ante-mortem examination.

Anthophilous (a.) Lit., fond of flowers; hence, feeding upon, or living among, flowers.

Anthracene oil () A heavy green oil (partially solidifying on cooling), which distills over from coal tar at a temperature above 270¡. It is the principal source of anthracene.

Anthracnose (n.) Any one of several fungus diseases, caused by parasitic species of the series Melanconiales, attacking the bean, grape, melon, cotton, and other plants. In the case of the grape, brown concave spots are formed on the stem and fruit, and the disease is called bird's-eye rot.

Anthracosis (n.) A chronic lung disease, common among coal miners, due to the inhalation of coal dust; -- called also collier's lung and miner's phthisis.

Anthrax vaccine () A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp. cattle.

Anthropogeography (n.) The science of the human species as to geographical distribution and environment. Broadly, it includes industrial, commercial, and political geography, and that part of ethnology which deals with distribution and physical environment.

Anthroponomics (n.) Alt. of Anthroponomy

Anthroponomy (n.) The science of the laws of the development of the human organism in relation to other organisms and to environment.

Anthropopathite (n.) One who ascribes human feelings to deity.

Antibacterial (a.) Inimical to bacteria; -- applied esp. to serum for protection against bacterial diseases.

Antibacterial (a.) Opposed to the bacterial theory of disease.

Antibody (n.) Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells also results in the development of their specific antibodies.

Antibubonic (a.) Good or used against bubonic plague; as, antibubonic serum, obtained from immunized horses; antibubonic vaccine, a sterilized bouillon culture of the plague bacillus; antibubonic measures.

Anticline (n.) A structure of bedded rocks in which the beds on both sides of an axis or axial plane dip away from the axis; an anticlinal.

Anticoherer (n.) A device, one form of which consists of a scratched deposit of silver on glass, used in connection with the receiving apparatus for reading wireless signals. The electric waves falling on this contrivance increase its resistance several times. The anticoherer can be used in conjunction with a telephone.

Antidiphtheritic (a.) Destructive to, or hindering the growth of, diphtheria bacilli.

Antidiphtheritic (n.) An antidiphtheritic agent.

Anti-imperialism (n.) Opposition to imperialism; -- applied specif., in the United States, after the Spanish-American war (1898), to the attitude or principles of those opposing territorial expansion; in England, of those, often called Little Englanders, opposing the extension of the empire and the closer relation of its parts, esp. in matters of commerce and imperial defense.

Antimonsoon (n.) The upper, contrary-moving current of the atmosphere over a monsoon.

Antipasch (n.) The Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

Anti-Semitism (n.) Opposition to, or hatred of, Semites, esp. Jews.

Antisepsis (n.) Prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

Antisialagogue (a.) Checking the flow of saliva.

Antisialagogue (n.) A remedy against excessive salivation.

Anti-trade (n.) A westerly wind which blows nearly continuously between 30¡ and 50¡ of latitude in both the northern and the southern hemisphere.

Antivenin (n.) The serum of blood rendered antitoxic to a venom by repeated injections of small doses of the venom.

Apartment house () A building comprising a number of suites designed for separate housekeeping tenements, but having conveniences, such as heat, light, elevator service, etc., furnished in common; -- often distinguished in the United States from a flat house.

Apercus (pl. ) of Apercu

Apercu (n.) A first view or glance, or the perception or estimation so obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight, appreciative rather than analytic.

Apercu (n.) Hence, a brief or detached view; conspectus; sketch.

Aphotic (a.) Without light.

Aphotic region () A depth of water so great that only those organisms can exist that do not assimilate.

Aphrasia (n.) = Dumbness.

Aphrasia (n.) A disorder of speech in which words can be uttered but not intelligibly joined together.

Apiology (n.) The scientific or systematic study of honey bees.

Aplanogamete (n.) A nonmotile gamete, found in certain lower algae.

Aplasia (n.) Incomplete or faulty development.

Apneumatic (a.) Devoid of air; free from air; as, an apneumatic lung; also, effected by or with exclusion of air; as, an apneumatic operation.

Apocalypse (n.) One of a numerous class of writings proceeding from Jewish authors between 250 b. c. and 150 a. d., and designed to propagate the Jewish faith or to cheer the hearts of the Jewish people with the promise of deliverance and glory; or proceeding from Christian authors of the opening centuries and designed to portray the future.

Apochromatic (a.) Free from chromatic and spherical aberration; -- said esp. of a lens in which rays of three or more colors are brought to the same focus, the degree of achromatism thus obtained being more complete than where two rays only are thus focused, as in the ordinary achromatic objective.

Apocodeine (n.) An alkaloid, /, prepared from codeine. In its effects it resembles apomorphine.

Aposematic (a.) Having or designating conspicuous or warning colors or structures indicative of special means of defense against enemies, as in the skunk.

Apostolic delegate () The diplomatic agent of the pope highest in grade, superior to a nuncio.

Appel (n.) A tap or stamp of the foot as a warning of intent to attack; -- called also attack.

Appendectomy (n.) Alt. of Appendicectomy

Appendicectomy (n.) Excision of the vermiform appendix.

Appendix (n.) The vermiform appendix.

Appendix vermiformis () The vermiform appendix.

Apposable (a.) Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the thumb to the fingers of the hand.

Approach (n.) A stroke whose object is to land the ball on the putting green. It is made with an iron club.

Appui (n.) The mutual bearing or support of the hand of the rider and the mouth of the horse through the bit and bridle.

Araba (n.) A wagon or cart, usually heavy and without springs, and often covered.

Araroba (n.) Goa powder.

Araroba (n.) A fabaceous tree of Brazil (Centrolobium robustum) having handsomely striped wood; -- called also zebrawood.

Arcked (imp. & p. p.) of Arc

Arcking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Arc

Arc (v. i.) To form a voltaic arc, as an electrical current in a broken or disconnected circuit.

Archibald wheel () A metal-hubbed wheel of great strength and elasticity, esp. adapted for artillery carriages and motor cars.

Archoplasm (n.) The substance from which attraction spheres develop in mitotic cell division, and of which they consist.

Arc light () The light of an arc lamp.

Ardois system () A widely used system of electric night signals in which a series of double electric lamps (white and red) is arranged vertically on a mast, and operated from a keyboard below.

Arecoline () Alt. of -lin

-lin () An oily liquid substance, C8H13O2N, the chief alkaloid of the betel nut, to which the latter owes its anthelmintic action.

Arete (n.) An acute and rugged crest of a mountain range or a subsidiary ridge between two mountain gorges.

Argentalium (n.) A (patented) alloy of aluminium and silver, with a density of about 2.9.

Argentamine () Alt. of -min

-min () A solution of silver phosphate in an aqueous solution of ethylene diamine, used as an antiseptic astringent and as a disinfectant.

Argon (n.) A colorless, odorless gas occurring in the air (of which it constitutes 0.93 per cent by volume), in volcanic gases, etc.; -- so named on account of its inertness by Rayleigh and Ramsay, who prepared and examined it in 1894-95. Symbol, A; at. wt., 39.9. Argon is condensible to a colorless liquid boiling at -186.1¡ C. and to a solid melting at -189.6¡ C. It has a characteristic spectrum. No compounds of it are known, but there is physical evidence that its molecule is monatomic. Weight of one liter at 0¡ C. and 760 mm., 1.7828 g.

Argonaut (n.) One of those who went to California in search of gold shortly after it was discovered there in 1848.

Ariel (n.) In the Cabala, a water spirit; in later folklore, a light and graceful spirit of the air.

Arillode (n.) A false aril; an aril originating from the micropyle instead of from the funicle or chalaza of the ovule. The mace of the nutmeg is an arillode.

Aristotype (n.) Orig., a printing-out process using paper coated with silver chloride in gelatin; now, any such process using silver salts in either collodion or gelatin; also, a print so made.

Arkose (n.) A sandstone derived from the disintegration of granite or gneiss, and characterized by feldspar fragments.

Armature (n.) That part of a dynamo or electric generator or of an electric motor in which a current is induced by a relatively moving magnetic field. The armature usually consists of a series of coils or groups of insulated conductors surrounding a core of iron.

Armored cruiser () A man-of-war carrying a large coal supply, and more or less protected from the enemy's shot by iron or steel armor. There is no distinct and accepted classification distinguishing armored and protected cruisers from each other, except that the first have more or heavier armor than the second.

Army organization () The system by which a country raises, classifies, arranges, and equips its armed land forces. The usual divisions are: (1) A regular or active army, in which soldiers serve continuously with the colors and live in barracks or cantonments when not in the field; (2) the reserves of this army, in which the soldiers, while remaining constantly subject to a call to the colors, live at their homes, being summoned more or less frequently to report for instruction, drill, or maneuvers; and (3) one or more classes of soldiers organized largely for territorial defense, living at home and having only occasional periods of drill and instraction, who are variously called home reserves (as in the table below), second, third, etc., line of defense (the regular army and its reserves ordinarily constituting the first line of defense), territorial forces, or the like. In countries where conscription prevails a soldier is supposed to serve a given number of years. He is usually enrolled first in the regular army, then passes to its reserve, then into the home reserves, to serve until he reaches the age limit. It for any reason he is not enrolled in the regular army, he may begin his service in the army reserves or even the home reserves, but then serves the full number of years or up to the age limit. In equipment the organization of the army is into the three great arms of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, together with more or less numerous other branches, such as engineers, medical corps, etc., besides the staff organizations such as those of the pay and subsistence departments.

Arnaut (n.) Alt. of Arnaout

Arnaout (n.) An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, specif. one serving as a soldier in the Turkish army.

Aroid (n.) Any plant of the Arum family (Araceae).

Arolla (n.) The stone pine (Pinus Cembra).

Arrh/ (pl. ) of Arrha

Arrha (n.) Money or other valuable thing given to evidence a contract; a pledge or earnest.

Arteriosclerosis (n.) Abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, esp. of the intima, occurring mostly in old age.

Arthrochondritis (n.) Chondritis of a joint.

Arthrodesis (n.) Surgical fixation of joints.

Arthropathy (n.) Any disease of the joints.

Arthrospore (n.) A bacterial resting cell, -- formerly considered a spore, but now known to occur even in endosporous bacteria.

Arthrotome (n.) A strong scalpel used in the dissection of joints.

Arthurian (a.) Of or pertaining to King Arthur or his knights.

Artifact (n.) A product of human workmanship; -- applied esp. to the simpler products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects.

Artifact (n.) A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death or the use of reagents and not present during life.

Artillery wheel () A kind of heavily built dished wheel with a long axle box, used on gun carriages, usually having 14 spokes and 7 felloes; hence, a wheel of similar construction for use on automobiles, etc.

Ascariasis (n.) A disease, usually accompanied by colicky pains and diarrhea, caused by the presence of ascarids in the gastrointestinal canal.

Ascocarp (n.) In ascomycetous fungi, the spherical, discoid, or cup-shaped body within which the asci are collected, and which constitutes the mature fructification. The different forms are known in mycology under distinct names. Called also spore fruit.

Ascomycetes (n. pl.) A large class of higher fungi distinguished by septate hyphae, and by having their spores formed in asci, or spore sacs. It comprises many orders, among which are the yeasts, molds, mildews, truffles, morels, etc.

Asemia (n.) Loss of power to express, or to understand, symbols or signs of thought.

Asepsis (n.) State of being aseptic; the methods or processes of asepticizing.

Asexualization (n.) The act or process of sterilizing an animal or human being, as by vasectomy.

Aspect (n.) A view of a plane from a given direction, usually from above; more exactly, the manner of presentation of a plane to a fluid through which it is moving or to a current. If an immersed plane meets a current of fluid long side foremost, or in broadside aspect, it sustains more pressure than when placed short side foremost. Hence, long narrow wings are more effective than short broad ones of the same area.

Aspect ratio () The ratio of the long to the short side of an aeroplane, aerocurve, or wing.

Aspirin (n.) A white crystalline compound of acetyl and salicylic acid used as a drug for the salicylic acid liberated from it in the intestines.

Assay pound () A small standard weight used in assaying bullion, etc., sometimes equaling 0.5 gram, but varying with the assayer.

Assay ton () A weight of 29.166 + grams used in assaying, for convenience. Since it bears the same relation to the milligram that a ton of 2000 avoirdupois pounds does to the troy ounce, the weight in milligrams of precious metal obtained from an assay ton of ore gives directly the number of ounces to the ton.

Assemble (v. t.) To collect and put together the parts of; as, to assemble a bicycle, watch, gun, or other manufactured article.

ASsign (v. i.) To transfer or pass over property to another, whether for the benefit of the assignee or of the assignor's creditors, or in furtherance of some trust.

Astatized (imp. & p. p.) of Astatize

Astatizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Astatize

Astatize (v. i.) To render astatic.

Astatki (n.) A thick liquid residuum obtained in the distillation of Russian petroleum, much used as fuel.

Aster (n.) A star-shaped figure of achromatic substance found chiefly in cells dividing by mitosis.

Asterope (n.) One of the Pleiades; -- called also Sterope.

Asterope (n.) A double star in the Pleiades (21 k and 22 l Pleiadum, of the 5.8 and 6.4 magnitude respectively), appearing as a single star of the 5.3 magnitude to the naked eye.

Asthma paper () Paper impregnated with saltpeter. The fumes from the burning paper are often inhaled as an alleviative by asthmatics.

Astral (a.) Of or pertaining to an aster; as, astral rays; astral sphere.

Astral (a.) Consisting of, belonging to, or designating, a kind of supersensible substance alleged to be next above the tangible world in refinement; as, astral spirits; astral bodies of persons; astral current.

Astrophotometer (n.) A photometer for measuring the brightness of stars.

Astrophotometry (n.) The determination of the brightness of stars, and also of the sun, moon, and planets.

Astrophysics (n.) The science treating of the physical characteristics of the stars and other heavenly bodies, their chemical constitution, light, heat, atmospheres, etc.

Asynchronous (a.) Not simultaneous; not concurrent in time; -- opposed to synchronous.

Atamasco lily () See under Lily.

Atelets sauce () Alt. of Sauce aux hatelets

Sauce aux hatelets () A sauce (such as egg and bread crumbs) used for covering bits of meat, small birds, or fish, strung on skewers for frying.

Athanasia (n.) Alt. of Athanasy

Athanasy (n.) The quality of being deathless; immortality.

Athetized (imp. & p. p.) of Athetize

Athetizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Athetize

Athetize (v. t.) To set aside or reject as spurious, as by marking with an obelus.

Athrepsia (n.) Profound debility of children due to lack of food and to unhygienic surroundings.

Atlas powder () A blasting powder or dynamite composed of nitroglycerin, wood fiber, sodium nitrate, and magnesium carbonate.

Atman (n.) The life principle, soul, or individual essence.

Atman (n.) The universal ego from whom all individual atmans arise. This sense is a European excrescence on the East Indian thought.

Atmiatry (n.) Treatment of disease by vapors or gases, as by inhalation.

Atole (n.) A porridge or gruel of maize meal and water, milk, or the like.

Atrium (n.) A cavity, entrance, or passage; as, the atrium, or atrial cavity, in the body wall of the amphioxus; an atrium of the infundibula of the lungs, etc.

Attraction sphere () The central mass of the aster in mitotic cell division; centrosphere.

Attraction sphere () the mass of archoplasm left by the aster in the resting cell.

Attraction sphere () A small body situated on or near the nucleus in the cells of some of the lower plants, consisting of two centrospheres containing centrosomes. It exercises an important function in mitosis.

Attritus (n.) Matter pulverized by attrition.

Auction bridge () A variety of the game of bridge in which the players, beginning with the dealer, bid for the privilege of naming the trump and playing with the dummy for that deal, there being heavy penalties for a player's failure to make good his bid. The score value of each trick more than six taken by the successful bidder is as follows: when the trump is spades, 2; clubs, 6; diamonds, 7; hearts, 8; royal spades (lilies), 9; and when the deal is played with no trump, 10.

Auction pitch () A game of cards in which the players bid for the privilege of determining or "pitching" the trump suit.

Audile (n.) One whose thoughts take the form of mental sounds or of internal discourse rather than of visual or motor images.

Aufklarung (n.) A philosophic movement of the 18th century characterized by a lively questioning of authority, keen interest in matters of politics and general culture, and an emphasis on empirical method in science. It received its impetus from the unsystematic but vigorous skepticism of Pierre Bayle, the physical doctrines of Newton, and the epistemological theories of Locke, in the preceding century. Its chief center was in France, where it gave rise to the skepticism of Voltaire , the naturalism of Rousseau, the sensationalism of Condillac, and the publication of the "Encyclopedia" by D'Alembert and Diderot. In Germany, Lessing, Mendelssohn, and Herder were representative thinkers, while the political doctrines of the leaders of the American Revolution and the speculations of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine represented the movement in America.

Au fond () At bottom; fundamentally; essentially.

Au gratin () With a crust made by browning in the oven; as, spaghetti may be served au gratin.

Auld licht () Alt. of Auld light

Auld light () A member of the conservative party in the Church of Scotland in the latter part of the 18th century.

Auld light () Same as Burgher, n., 2.

Au revoir () Good-by until we meet again.

Aurilave (n.) An instrument for cleansing the ear, consisting of a small piece of sponge on an ivory or bone handle.

Austral (a.) Designating, or pert. to, a zone extending across North America between the Transition and Tropical zones, and including most of the United States and central Mexico except the mountainous parts.

Australian ballot () A system of balloting or voting in public elections, originally used in South Australia, in which there is such an arrangement for polling votes that secrecy is compulsorily maintained, and the ballot used is an official ballot printed and distributed by the government.

-zUge (pl. ) of Auszug

Auszug (n.) See Army organization, Switzerland.

Auto- () An abbrev. of automobile, used as a prefix with the meaning of self-moving, self-propelling; as, an autocar, an autocarriage, an autotruck, etc., an automobile car, carriage, truck, etc.

Autocatalysis (n.) Self-catalysis; catalysis of a substance by one of its own products, as of silver oxide by the silver formed by reduction of a small portion of it.

Autoclastic (a.) Broken in place; -- said of rocks having a broken or brecciated structure due to crushing, in contrast to those of brecciated materials brought from a distance.

Autocoherer (n.) A self-restoring coherer, as a microphonic detector.

Autodynamic (a.) Supplying its own power, as a hydraulic ram.

Autoecious (a.) Passing through all its stages on one host, as certain parasitic fungi; -- contrasted with heteroecious.

Autoecism (n.) Quality of being autoecious.

Autogenetic (a.) Pertaining to, controlled by, or designating, a system of self-determined drainage.

Autogenetic drainage () A system of natural drainage developed by the constituent streams through headwater erosion.

Autogenetic topography () A system of land forms produced by the free action of rain and streams on rocks of uniform texture.

Autogenous (a.) Autogenetic.

Autoharp (n.) A zitherlike musical instrument, provided with dampers which, when depressed, deaden some strings, leaving free others that form a chord.

Autohypnotic (a.) Pert. to autohypnotism; self-hypnotizing.

Autohypnotic (n.) An autohypnotic person.

Autohypnotism (n.) Hypnotism of one's self by concentration of the attention on some object or idea.

Auto-infection (n.) Poisoning caused by a virus that originates and develops in the organism itself.

Auto-inoculation (n.) Inoculation of a person with virus from his own body.

Auto-intoxication (n.) Poisoning, or the state of being poisoned, from toxic substances produced within the body; autotoxaemia.

Autokinesis (n.) Spontaneous or voluntary movement; movement due to an internal cause.

Autokinetic (a.) Self-moving; moving automatically.

Autokinetic system () In fire-alarm telegraphy, a system so arranged that when one alarm is being transmitted, no other alarm, sent in from another point, will be transmitted until after the first alarm has been disposed of.

Automixte system () A system (devised by Henri Pieper, a Belgian) of driving automobiles employing a gasoline engine and an auxiliary reversible dynamo. When there is an excess of power the dynamo is driven by the engine so as to charge a small storage battery; when there is a deficiency of power the dynamo reverses and acts as an auxiliary motor. Sometimes called Pieper system.

Automobile (n.) An automobile vehicle or mechanism; esp., a self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on a street or roadway. Automobiles are usually propelled by internal combustion engines (using volatile inflammable liquids, as gasoline or petrol, alcohol, naphtha, etc.), steam engines, or electric motors. The power of the driving motor varies from about 4 to 50 H. P. for ordinary vehicles, ranging from the run-about to the touring car, up to as high as 200 H. P. for specially built racing cars. Automobiles are also commonly, and generally in British usage, called motor cars.

Automobilism (n.) The use of automobiles, or the practices, methods, or the like, of those who use them.

Autopathic (a.) Dependent upon, or due or relating to, the structure and characteristics of the diseased organism; endopathic; as, an autopathic disease; an autopathic theory of diseases.

Autophagy (n.) The feeding of the body upon itself, as in fasting; nutrition by consumption of one's own tissues.

Autopneumatic (a.) Acting or moving automatically by means of compressed air.

Autostability (n.) Automatic stability; also, inherent stability. An aeroplane is inherently stable if it keeps in steady poise by virtue of its shape and proportions alone; it is automatically stable if it keeps in steady poise by means of self-operative mechanism.

Autosuggestion (n.) Self-suggestion as distinguished from suggestion coming from another, esp. in hypnotism. Autosuggestion is characteristic of certain mental conditions in which expectant belief tends to produce disturbance of function of one or more organs.

-toxemia (n.) Self-intoxication. See Auto-intoxication.

Autotoxic (a.) Pertaining to, or causing, autotoxaemia.

Autotoxication (n.) Same as Auto-intoxication.

Autotransformer (n.) A transformer in which part of the primary winding is used as a secondary winding, or vice versa; -- called also a compensator or balancing coil.

Autotrophic (a.) Capable of self-nourishment; -- said of all plants in which photosynthetic activity takes place, as opposed to parasitism or saprophytism.

Autotropism (n.) The tendency of plant organs to grow in a straight line when uninfluenced by external stimuli.

Autunite (n.) A lemon-yellow phosphate of uranium and calcium occurring in tabular crystals with basal cleavage, and in micalike scales. H., 2-2.5. Sp. gr., 3.05-3.19.

Auxetophone (n.) A pneumatic reproducer for a phonograph, controlled by the recording stylus on the principle of the relay. It produces much clearer and louder tones than does the ordinary vibrating disk reproducer.

Auxometer (n.) An instrument for measuring the magnifying power of a lens or system of lenses.

Avenalin (n.) A crystalline globulin, contained in oat kernels, very similar in composition to excelsin, but different in reactions and crystalline form.

Averruncator (n.) An instrument for pruning trees, having two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on a long rod and operated by a string or wire.

Avestan (a.) Of or pertaining to the Avesta or the language of the Avesta.

Avestan (n.) The language of the Avesta; -- less properly called Zend.

Aviado (n.) One who works a mine with means provided by another.

Aviated (imp. & p. p.) of Aviate

Aviating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Aviate

Aviate (v. i.) To fly, or navigate the air, in an aeroplane or heavier-than-air flying machine.

Aviator (n.) The driver or pilot of an aeroplane, or heavier-than-air flying machine.

Aviatress (n.) Alt. of Aviatrix

Aviatrix (n.) A woman aviator.

Aviette (n.) A heavier-than-air flying machine in which the motive power is furnished solely by the aviator.

Awkward squad () A squad of inapt recruits assembled for special drill.

Axminster () Alt. of Axminster carpet

Axminster carpet () A variety of Turkey carpet, woven by machine or, when more than 27 inches wide, on a hand loom, and consisting of strips of worsted chenille so colored as to produce a pattern on a stout jute backing. It has a fine soft pile. So called from Axminster, England, where it was formerly (1755 -- 1835) made.

Axminster carpet () A similar but cheaper machine-made carpet, resembling moquette in construction and appearance, but finer and of better material.

Azogue (n.) Lit.: Quicksilver

Azogue (n.) Silver ores suitable for treatment by amalgamation with mercury.

Azole (n.) Any of a large class of compounds characterized by a five-membered ring which contains an atom of nitrogen and at least one other noncarbon atom (nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur). The prefixes furo-, thio, and pyrro- are used to distinguish three subclasses of azoles, which may be regarded as derived respectively from furfuran, thiophene, and pyrrol by replacement of the CH group by nitrogen; as, furo-monazole. Names exactly analogous to those for the azines are also used; as, oxazole, diazole, etc.

Azote (n.) A switch or whip.

Azoted (a.) Nitrogenized; nitrogenous.

Azotine () Alt. of -tin

-tin () An explosive consisting of sodium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur, and petroleum.

-tin () = 1st Ammonite, 2.

Azoturia (n.) Excess of urea or other nitrogenous substances in the urine.

Bab (n.) Lit., gate; -- a title given to the founder of Babism, and taken from that of Bab-ud-Din, assumed by him.

Babism (n.) Alt. of Babiism

Babiism (n.) The doctrine of a modern religious pantheistical sect in Persia, which was founded, about 1844, by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820 -- 1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din (Per., Gate of the Faith). Babism is a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements. This doctrine forbids concubinage and polygamy, and frees women from many of the degradations imposed upon them among the orthodox Mohammedans. Mendicancy, the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs, and slave dealing, are forbidden; asceticism is discountenanced.

Babul (n.) Alt. of Babool

Babool (n.) Any one of several species of Acacia, esp. A. Arabica, which yelds a gum used as a substitute for true gum arabic.

Bacillar (a.) Pertaining to, or produced by, the organism bacillus; bacillary.

Bacillary (a.) Of or pertaining to bacilli; produced by, or containing, bacilli; bacillar; as, a bacillary disease.

Back fire () A fire started ahead of a forest or prairie fire to burn only against the wind, so that when the two fires meet both must go out for lack of fuel.

Back fire () A premature explosion in the cylinder of a gas or oil engine during the exhaust or the compression stroke, tending to drive the piston in a direction reverse to that in which it should travel; also, an explosion in the exhaust passages of such ah engine.

Back-fire (v. i.) To have or experience a back fire or back fires; -- said of an internal-combustion engine.

Back-fire (v. i.) Of a Bunsen or similar air-fed burner, to light so that the flame proceeds from the internal gas jet instead of from the external jet of mixed gas and air.

Backheel (n.) A method of tripping by getting the leg back of the opponent's heel on the outside and pulling forward while pushing his body back; a throw made in this way.

Backheel (v. t. ) To trip (a person) in this way.

Backstop (n.) In baseball, a fence, prop. at least 90 feet behind the home base, to stop the balls that pass the catcher; also, the catcher himself.

Backstop (n.) In rounders, the player who stands immediately behind the striking base.

Backstop (n.) In cricket, the longstop; also, the wicket keeper.

Baconian (n.) One who adheres to the philosophy of Lord Bacon.

Baconian (n.) One who maintains that Lord Bacon is the author of the works commonly attributed to Shakespeare.

Bacterin (n.) A bacterial vaccine.

Bacteriolysis (n.) Chemical decomposition brought about by bacteria without the addition of oxygen.

Bacteriolysis (n.) The destruction or dissolution of bacterial cells.

Bacterioscopy (n.) Microscopic examination or investigation of bacteria.

Badaud (n.) A person given to idle observation of everything, with wonder or astonishment; a credulous or gossipy idler.

Badger game () The method of blackmailing by decoying a person into a compromising situation and extorting money by threats of exposure.

Badger State () Wisconsin; -- a nickname.

Badigeon (n.) A cement or distemper paste (as of plaster and powdered freestone, or of sawdust and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and workers in wood or stone, to fill holes, cover defects, etc.

B/tuli (pl. ) of Baetulus

Baetulus (n.) A meteorite, or similar rude stone artificially shaped, held sacred or worshiped as of divine origin.

Baff (v. t. & i.) To strike; to beat; to make a baff.

Baff (n.) A blow; stroke; thud

Baff (n.) a stroke in which the sole of the club hits the ground and drives the ball aloft.

Baffle (n.) A deflector, as a plate or wall, so arranged across a furnace or boiler flue as to mingle the hot gases and deflect them against the substance to be heated.

Baffle (n.) A grating or plate across a channel or pipe conveying water, gas, or the like, by which the flow is rendered more uniform in different parts of the cross section of the stream; -- used in measuring the rate of flow, as by means of a weir.

Baffle (n.) A lever for operating the throttle valve of a winding engine.

Baffy (v. t.) A short wooden club having a deeply concave face, seldom used.

Bahadur (n.) Alt. of Bahaudur

Bahaudur (n.) A title of respect or honor given to European officers in East Indian state papers, and colloquially, and among the natives, to distinguished officials and other important personages.

Bahai (n.) A member of the sect of the Babis consisting of the adherents of Baha (Mirza Husain Ali, entitled "Baha 'u 'llah," or, "the Splendor of God"), the elder half brother of Mirza Yahya of Nur, who succeeded the Bab as the head of the Babists. Baha in 1863 declared himself the supreme prophet of the sect, and became its recognized head. There are upwards of 20,000 Bahais in the United States.

Bahaism (n.) The religious tenets or practices of the Bahais.

Baignoire (n.) A box of the lowest tier in a theater.

Baily's beads () A row of bright spots observed in connection with total eclipses of the sun. Just before and after a total eclipse, the slender, unobscured crescent of the sun's disk appears momentarily like a row of bright spots resembling a string of beads. The phenomenon (first fully described by Francis Baily, 1774 -- 1844) is thought to be an effect of irradiation, and of inequalities of the moon's edge.

Bairam (n.) Either of two Mohammedan festivals, of which one (the Lesser Bairam) is held at the close of the fast called Ramadan, and the other (the Greater Bairam) seventy days after the fast.

Balata (n.) A West Indian sapotaceous tree (Bumelia retusa).

Balata (n.) The bully tree (Minusops globosa); also, its milky juice (balata gum), which when dried constitutes an elastic gum called chicle, or chicle gum.

Balayeuse (n.) A protecting ruffle or frill, as of silk or lace, sewed close to the lower edge of a skirt on the inside.

Ball (n.) A pitched ball, not struck at by the batsman, which fails to pass over the home base at a height not greater than the batsman's shoulder nor less than his knee.

Ballistite (n.) A smokeless powder containing equal parts of soluble nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin.

Ballotage (n.) In France, a second ballot taken after an indecisive first ballot to decide between two or several candidates.

Balopticon (n.) See Projector, below.

-ni (pl. ) of Bambino

Bambino (n.) A child or baby; specif., a representation in art of the infant Christ.

Banana solution () A solution used as a vehicle in applying bronze pigments. In addition to acetote, benzine, and a little pyroxylin, it contains amyl acetate, which gives it the odor of bananas.

-cales (pl. ) of Bancal

Bancal (n.) An ornamental covering, as of carpet or leather, for a bench or form.

-deaux (pl. ) of Bandeau

Bandeau (n.) A narrow band or fillet, as for the hair, part of a headdress, etc.

Banderilla (n.) A barbed dart carrying a banderole which the banderillero thrusts into the neck or shoulder of the bull in a bullfight.

Banderillero (n.) One who thrusts in the banderillas in bullfighting.

Banjorine (n.) A kind of banjo, with a short neck, tuned a fourth higher than the common banjo; -- popularly so called.

Bank (n.) A group or series of objects arranged near together; as, a bank of electric lamps, etc.

Bank (n.) The lateral inclination of an aeroplane as it rounds a curve; as, a bank of 45¡ is easy; a bank of 90¡ is dangerous.

Bank (v. i.) To tilt sidewise in rounding a curve; -- said of a flying machine, an aerocurve, or the like.

Bank discount () A sum equal to the interest at a given rate on the principal (face) of a bill or note from the time of discounting until it becomes due.

Banquette (n.) A bench or seat for passengers on the top of a diligence or other public vehicle.

Bansshee (n.) Alt. of Banshie

Banshie (n.) A supernatural being supposed to warn a family of the approaching death of one of its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice.

Bantu (n.) A member of one of the great family of Negroid tribes occupying equatorial and southern Africa. These tribes include, as important divisions, the Kafirs, Damaras, Bechuanas, and many tribes whose names begin with Aba-, Ama-, Ba-, Ma-, Wa-, variants of the Bantu plural personal prefix Aba-, as in Ba-ntu, or Aba-ntu, itself a combination of this prefix with the syllable -ntu, a person.

Banzai (interj.) Lit., May you live ten thousand years; -- used in salutation of the emperor and as a battle cry.

Baraca (n.) An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young men; -- so named in allusion to the Hebrew word Berachah (Meaning blessing) occurring in 2 Chron. xx. 26 and 1 Chron. xii.

Barad (n.) The pressure of one dyne per square centimeter; -- used as a unit of pressure.

Baraesthesiometer (n.) Alt. of Baresthesiometer

Baresthesiometer (n.) An instrument for determining the delicacy of the sense of pressure.

Barathea (n.) A soft fabric with a kind of basket weave and a diapered pattern.

Barber (n.) A storm accompanied by driving ice spicules formed from sea water, esp. one occurring on the Gulf of St. Lawrence; -- so named from the cutting ice spicules.

Barbizon () Alt. of school

Barbison () Alt. of school

school () A French school of the middle of the 19th century centering in the village of Barbizon near the forest of Fontainebleau. Its members went straight to nature in disregard of academic tradition, treating their subjects faithfully and with poetic feeling for color, light, and atmosphere. It is exemplified, esp. in landscapes, by Corot, Rousseau, Daubigny, Jules Dupre, and Diaz. Associated with them are certain painters of animals, as Troyon and Jaque, and of peasant life, as Millet and Jules Breton.

Bardiglio (n.) An Italian marble of which the principal varieties occur in the neighborhood of Carrara and in Corsica. It commonly shows a dark gray or bluish ground traversed by veins.

Barnburner (n.) A member of the radical section of the Democratic party in New York, about the middle of the 19th century, which was hostile to extension of slavery, public debts, corporate privileges, etc., and supported Van Buren against Cass for president in 1848; -- opposed to Hunker.

Barnstormer (n.) An itinerant theatrical player who plays in barns when a theatre is lacking; hence, an inferior actor, or one who plays in the country away from the larger cities.

Barocyclonometer (n.) An aneroid barometer for use with accompanying graphic diagrams and printed directions designed to aid mariners to interpret the indications of the barometer so as to determine the existence of a violent storm at a distance of several hundred miles.

Barogram (n.) A tracing, usually made by the barograph, showing graphically the variations of atmospheric pressure for a given time.

Barong (n.) A kind of cutting weapon with a thick back and thin razorlike edge, used by the Moros of the Philippine Islands.

Baroque (a.) Irregular in form; -- said esp. of a pearl.

Barothermograph (n.) An instrument for recording both pressure and temperature, as of the atmosphere.

Barracuda (n.) Any of several voracious pikelike marine fishes allied to the gray mullets, constituting the genus Sphyraena and family Sphyraenidae. The great barracuda (S. barracuda) of the West Indies, Florida, etc., is often six feet or more long, and as dangerous as a shark. In Cuba its flesh is reputed to be poisonous. S. Argentea of the Pacific coast and S. sphyraena of Europe are smaller species, and are used as food.

Barramundi (n.) A remarkable Australian fresh-water ganoid fish of the genus Ceratodus.

Barramundi (n.) An Australian river fish (Osteoglossum Leichhardtii).

Barrel process () A process of extracting gold or silver by treating the ore in a revolving barrel, or drum, with mercury, chlorine, cyanide solution, or other reagent.

Barretter (n.) A thermal cymoscope which operates by increased resistance when subjected to the influence of electric waves. The original form consisted of an extremely fine platinum wire loop attached to terminals and inclosed in a small glass or silver bulb. In a later variety, called the liquid barretter, wire is replace by a column of liquid in a very fine capillary tube.

Barrios (pl. ) of Barrio

Barrio (n.) In Spain and countries colonized by Spain, a village, ward, or district outside a town or city to whose jurisdiction it belongs.

Barysphere (n.) The heavy interior portion of the earth, within the lithosphere.

Bashed (imp. & p. p.) of Bash

Bashing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Bash

Bash (v. t.) To strike heavily; to beat; to crush.

Basic process () A Bessemer or open-hearth steel-making process in which a lining that is basic, or not siliceous, is used, and additions of basic material are made to the molten charge during treatment. Opposed to acid process, above. Called also Thomas process.

Basic slag () A by-product from the manufacture of steel by the basic process, used as a fertilizer. It is rich in lime and contains 14 to 20 per cent of phosphoric acid. Called also Thomas slag, phosphatic slag, and odorless phosphate.

Basic steel () Steel produced by the basic process.

Basidiomycetes (n. pl.) A large subdivision of fungi coordinate with the Ascomycetes, characterized by having the spores borne on a basidium. It embraces those fungi best known to the public, such as mushrooms, toadstools, etc.

Basket ball () A game, usually played indoors, in which two parties of players contest with each other to toss a large inflated ball into opposite goals resembling baskets.

Basset horn () The corno di bassetto.

Basutos (n. pl.) A warlike South African people of the Bantu stock, divided into many tribes, subject to the English. They formerly practiced cannibalism, but have now adopted many European customs.

Bat (n.) Same as Tical, n., 1.

Bat (v. t. & i.) To bate or flutter, as a hawk.

Bat (v. t. & i.) To wink.

Bat (n.) In badminton, tennis, and similar games, a racket.

Bat (n.) A stroke; a sharp blow.

Bat (n.) A stroke of work.

Bat (n.) Rate of motion; speed.

Bat (n.) A spree; a jollification.

Bat (n.) Manner; rate; condition; state of health.

Bathygraphic (a.) Descriptive of the ocean depth; as, a bathygraphic chart.

Battalion (n.) An infantry command of two or more companies, which is the tactical unit of the infantry, or the smallest command which is self-supporting upon the battlefield, and also the unit in which the strength of the infantry of an army is expressed.

Battle range () The range within which the fire of small arms is very destructive. With the magazine rifle, this is six hundred yards.

Battle ship () An armor-plated man-of-war built of steel and heavily armed, generally having from ten thousand to fifteen thousand tons displacement, and intended to be fit to meet the heaviest ships in line of battle.

Baume (a.) Designating or conforming to either of the scales used by the French chemist Antoine Baume in the graduation of his hydrometers; of or relating to Baume's scales or hydrometers. There are two Baume hydrometers. One, which is used with liquids heavier than water, sinks to 0¡ in pure water, and to 15¡ in a 15 per cent salt solution; the other, for liquids lighter than water, sinks to 0¡ in a 10 per cent salt solution and to 10¡ in pure water. In both cases the graduation, based on the distance between these fundamental points, is continued along the stem as far as desired.

Bavardage (n.) Much talking; prattle; chatter.

Bayamo (n.) A violent thunder squall occurring on the south coast of Cuba, esp. near Bayamo. The gusts, called bayamo winds, are modified foehn winds.

Bayeux tapestry () A piece of linen about 1 ft. 8 in. wide by 213 ft. long, covered with embroidery representing the incidents of William the Conqueror's expedition to England, preserved in the town museum of Bayeux in Normandy. It is probably of the 11th century, and is attributed by tradition to Matilda, the Conqueror's wife.

Bayman (n.) In the United States navy, a sick-bay nurse; -- now officially designated as hospital apprentice.

Bayou State () Mississippi; -- a nickname, from its numerous bayous.

Bay State () Massachusetts, which had been called the Colony of Massachusetts Bay; -- a nickname.

Beach comber () A vagrant seaman, usually of low character, who loiters about seaports, particularly on the shores and islands of the Pacific Ocean.

Bearing ring () In a balloon, the braced wooden ring attached to the suspension ropes at the bottom, functionally analogous to the keel of a ship.

Bear State () Arkansas; -- a nickname, from the many bears once inhabiting its forests.

Bear-trap dam () A kind of movable dam, in one form consisting of two leaves resting against each other at the top when raised and folding down one over the other when lowered, for deepening shallow parts in a river.

Beat (n.) One that beats, or surpasses, another or others; as, the beat of him.

Beat (n.) The act of one that beats a person or thing

Beat (n.) The act of obtaining and publishing a piece of news by a newspaper before its competitors; also, the news itself; a scoop.

Beat (n.) The act of scouring, or ranging over, a tract of land to rouse or drive out game; also, those so engaged, collectively.

Beat (n.) A smart tap on the adversary's blade.

Beaufort's scale () A scale of wind force devised by Sir F. Beaufort, R. N., in 1805, in which the force is indicated by numbers from 0 to 12.

Beaumontague (n.) A cement used in making joints, filling cracks, etc. For iron, the principal constituents are iron borings and sal ammoniac; for wood, white lead or litharge, whiting, and linseed oil.

Beaver State () Oregon; -- a nickname.

Bebeeru (n.) A tropical South American tree (Nectandra Rodioei), the bark of which yields the alkaloid bebeerine, and the wood of which is known as green heart.

Bebung (n.) A tremolo effect, such as that produced on the piano by vibratory repetition of a note with sustained use of the pedal.

Becchi's test () A qualitative test for cottonseed oil, based on the fact this oil imparts a maroon color to an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate.

Bechuanas (n. pl.) A division of the Bantus, dwelling between the Orange and Zambezi rivers, supposed to be the most ancient Bantu population of South Africa. They are divided into totemic clans; they are intelligent and progressive.

Beck's scale () A hydrometer scale on which the zero point corresponds to sp. gr. 1.00, and the 30¡-point to sp. gr. 0.85. From these points the scale is extended both ways, all the degrees being of equal length.

Becquerel rays () Radiations first observed by the French physicist Henri Becquerel, in working with uranium and its compounds. They consist of a mixture of alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

Becuiba () Alt. of Becuiba nut

Becuiba nut () The nut of the Brazilian tree Myristica Bicuhyba, which yields a medicinal balsam used for rheumatism.

Begohm (n.) A unit of resistance equal to one billion ohms, or one thousand megohms.

Bejuco (n.) Any climbing woody vine of the tropics with the habit of a liane; in the Philippines, esp. any of various species of Calamus, the cane or rattan palm.

Bel (n.) A thorny rutaceous tree (Aegle marmelos) of India, and its aromatic, orange-like fruit; -- called also Bengal quince, golden apple, wood apple. The fruit is used medicinally, and the rind yields a perfume and a yellow dye.

Belgian (a.) Of or pertaining to Belgium.

Belgian block () A nearly cubical block of some tough stone, esp. granite, used as a material for street pavements. Its usual diameter is 5 to 7 inches.

Bellarmine (n.) A stoneware jug of a pattern originated in the neighborhood of Cologne, Germany, in the 16th century. It has a bearded face or mask supposed to represent Cardinal Bellarmine, a leader in the Roman Catholic Counter Reformation, following the Reformation; -- called also graybeard, longbeard.

Belleek ware () A porcelainlike kind of decorative pottery with a high gloss, which is sometimes iridescent. A very fine kind is made at Belleek in Ireland.

Bell process () The process of washing molten pig iron by adding iron oxide, proposed by I. Lowthian Bell of England about 1875.

Bell's palsy () Paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face.

Bell system of control () See Cloche.

Bench mark () Any permanent mark to which other levels may be referred. Specif. : A horizontal mark at the water's edge with reference to which the height of tides and floods may be measured.

Benefit society () A society or association formed for mutual insurance, as among tradesmen or in labor unions, to provide for relief in sickness, old age, and for the expenses of burial. Usually called friendly society in Great Britain.

Benthos (n.) The bottom of the sea, esp. of the deep oceans; hence (Bot. & Zool.), the fauna and flora of the sea bottom; -- opposed to plankton.

Benzonaphthol () Alt. of Benzonaphtol

Benzonaphtol () A white crystalline powder used as an intestinal antiseptic; beta-naphthol benzoate.

Benzosol (n.) Guaiacol benzoate, used as an intestinal antiseptic and as a substitute for creosote in phthisis. It is a colorless crystalline pewder.

Berceuse (n.) A vocal or instrumental composition of a soft tranquil character, having a lulling effect; a cradle song.

Berenice's Hair () See Coma Berenices, under Coma.

Bergschrund (n.) The crevasse or series of crevasses, usually deep and often broad, frequently occurring near the head of a mountain glacier, about where the neve field joins the valley portion of the glacier.

Bergstock (n.) A long pole with a spike at the end, used in climbing mountains; an alpenstock.

Bering Sea Controversy () A controversy (1886 -- 93) between Great Britain and the United States as to the right of Canadians not licensed by the United States to carry on seal fishing in the Bering Sea, over which the United States claimed jurisdiction as a mare clausum. A court of arbitration, meeting in Paris in 1893, decided against the claim of the United States, but established regulations for the preservation of the fur seal.

Bermuda lily () The large white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn. L. Harrisii) which is extensively cultivated in Bermuda.

Berseem (n.) An Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) extensively cultivated as a forage plant and soil-renewing crop in the alkaline soils of the Nile valley, and now introduced into the southwestern United States. It is more succulent than other clovers or than alfalfa. Called also Egyptian clover.

Bertillon system () A system for the identification of persons by a physical description based upon anthropometric measurements, notes of markings, deformities, color, impression of thumb lines, etc.

Bestiary (n.) A treatise on beasts; esp., one of the moralizing or allegorical beast tales written in the Middle Ages.

Beta (n.) The second letter of the Greek alphabet, B, /. See B, and cf. etymology of Alphabet.

Betacism (n.) Alt. of Betacismus

Betacismus (n.) Excessive or extended use of the b sound in speech, due to conversion of other sounds into it, as through inability to distinguish them from b, or because of difficulty in pronouncing them.

Beta rays () Penetrating rays readily deflected by a magnetic or electric field, emitted by radioactive substances, as radium. They consist of negatively charged particles or electrons, apparently the same in kind as those of the cathode rays, but having much higher velocities (about 35,000 to 180,000 miles per second).

Bezpopovtsy (n.) A Russian sect. See Raskolnik.

Bheesty (n.) Alt. of Bheestie

Bheestie (n.) A water carrier, as to a household or a regiment.

Bhistee (n.) Alt. of Bhisti

Bhisti (n.) Same as Bheesty.

Biannual (a.) Occurring twice a year; half-yearly; semiannual.

Bibelot (n.) A small decorative object without practical utility.

Bickford fuse () Alt. of Bickford match

fuze () Alt. of Bickford match

Bickford match () A fuse used in blasting, consisting of a long cylinder of explosive material inclosed in a varnished wrapping of rope or hose. It burns from 2 to 4 feet a minute.

Bidarkee (n.) Alt. of Bidarka

Bidarka (n.) A portable boat made of skins stretched on a frame.

Biela's comet () A periodic coment, discovered by Biela in 1826, which revolves around the sun in 6.6 years. The November meteors (Andromedes or Bielids) move in its orbit, and may be fragments of the comet.

Bielid (n.) See Andromede.

Bifocal (a.) Having two foci, as some spectacle lenses.

Big Bend State () Tennessee; -- a nickname.

Billabong (n.) In Australia, a blind channel leading out from a river; -- sometimes called an anabranch. This is the sense of the word as used in the Public Works Department; but the term has also been locally applied to mere back-waters forming stagnant pools and to certain water channels arising from a source.

Billet (n.) Quarters or place to which one is assigned, as by a billet or ticket; berth; position. Also used fig.

Billycock () Alt. of Billycock hat

Billycock hat () A round, low-crowned felt hat; a wideawake.

Bimetallic (a.) Composed of two different metals; formed of two parts, each of a different metal; as, bimetallic wire; bimetallic thermometer, etc.

Bimolecular (a.) Pertaining to, or formed from, two molecules; as, a bimolecular reaction (a reaction between two molecules).

Binbashi (n.) A major in the Turkish army.

Binding post () A metallic post attached to electrical apparatus for convenience in making connections.

Binding screw () A set screw used to bind parts together, esp. one for making a connection in an electrical circuit.

Biodynamic (a.) Alt. of Biodynamical

Biodynamical (a.) Of or pertaining to biodynamics, or the doctrine of vital forces or energy.

Biodynamics (n.) The branch of biology which treats of the active vital phenomena of organisms; -- opposed to biostatics.

Biogeography (n.) The branch of biology which deals with the geographical distribution of animals and plants. It includes both zoogeography and phytogeography.

Biograph (n.) An animated picture machine for screen projection; a cinematograph.

Biograph (n.) A biographical sketch.

Biophotophone (n.) An instrument combining a cinematograph and a phonograph so that the moving figures on the screen are accompanied by the appropriate sounds.

Bioplastic (a.) Bioplasmic.

Biopsychic (a.) Alt. of Biopsychical

Biopsychical (a.) Pertaining to psychical phenomena in their relation to the living organism or to the general phenomena of life.

Bioscope (n.) A view of life; that which gives such a view.

Bioscope (n.) An animated picture machine for screen projection; a cinematograph (which see).

Biplane (n.) An aeroplane with two main supporting surfaces one above the other.

Biplane (a.) Having, or consisting of, two superposed planes, aerocurves, or the like; of or pertaining to a biplane; as, a biplane rudder.

Biprism (n.) A prism whose refracting angle is very nearly 180 degrees.

Biprism (n.) A combination of two short rectangular glass prisms cemented together at their diagonal faces so as to form a cube; -- called also optical cube. It is used in one form of photometer.

Birdman (n.) An aviator; airman.

Birdwoman (n.) An airwoman; an aviatress.

Biskara boil () Alt. of Biskara button

Biskara button () Same as Aleppo boil.

Bissell truck () A truck for railroad rolling stock, consisting of two ordinary axle boxes sliding in guides attached to a triangular frame; -- called also pony truck.

Bit (n.) In the British West Indies, a fourpenny piece, or groat.

Bito () Alt. of Bito tree

Bito tree () A small scrubby tree (Balanites Aegyptiaca) growing in dry regions of tropical Africa and Asia.

Bitumen process () Any process in which advantage is taken of the fact that prepared bitumen is rendered insoluble by exposure to light, as in photolithography.

Blackbird (n.) Among slavers and pirates, a negro or Polynesian.

Blackbird (n.) A native of any of the islands near Queensland; -- called also Kanaka.

Blackbirder (n.) A slave ship; a slaver.

Blackbirding (n.) The kidnaping of negroes or Polynesians to be sold as slaves.

Blackbirding (n.) The act or practice of collecting natives of the islands near Queensland for service on the Queensland sugar plantations.

Black-eyed Susan () The coneflower, or yellow daisy (Rudbeckia hirta).

Black-eyed Susan () The bladder ketmie.

Black Flags () An organization composed originally of Chinese rebels that had been driven into Tonkin by the suppression of the Taiping rebellion, but later increased by bands of pirates and adventurers. It took a prominent part in fighting the French during their hostilities with Anam, 1873-85.

Black Friday () Any Friday on which a public disaster has occurred, as: In England, December 6, 1745, when the news of the landing of the Pretender reached London, or May 11, 1866, when a financial panic commenced. In the United States, September 24, 1869, and September 18, 1873, on which financial panics began.

Black Hamburg () A sweet and juicy variety of European grape, of a dark purplish black color, much grown under glass in northern latitudes.

Black Hand () A Spanish anarchistic society, many of the members of which were imprisoned in 1883.

Black Hand () A lawless or blackmailing secret society, esp. among Italians.

Black Spanish () One of an old and well-known Mediterranean breed of domestic fowls with glossy black plumage, blue legs and feet, bright red comb and wattles, and white face. They are remarkable as egg layers.

Blackwater State () Nebraska; -- a nickname alluding to the dark color of the water of its rivers, due to the presence of a black vegetable mold in the soil.

Blade (n.) The flat part of the tongue immediately behind the tip, or point.

Blanc (n.) A white cosmetic.

Blanc (n.) A white sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables, used esp. for braised meat.

Blanchard lathe () A kind of wood-turning lathe for making noncircular and irregular forms, as felloes, gun stocks, lasts, spokes, etc., after a given pattern. The pattern and work rotate on parallel spindles in the same direction with the same speed, and the work is shaped by a rapidly rotating cutter whose position is varied by the pattern acting as a cam upon a follower wheel traversing slowly along the pattern.

Blanket clause () A clause, as in a blanket mortgage or policy, that includes a group or class of things, rather than a number mentioned individually and having the burden, loss, or the like, apportioned among them.

Blanket mortgage () Alt. of policy

policy () One that covers a group or class of things or properties instead of one or more things mentioned individually, as where a mortgage secures various debts as a group, or subjects a group or class of different pieces of property to one general lien.

Blanket stitch () A buttonhole stitch worked wide apart on the edge of material, as blankets, too thick to hem.

Blast lamp () A lamp provided with some arrangement for intensifying combustion by means of a blast.

Blathered (imp. & p. p.) of Blather

Blathering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Blather

Blather (v. i. & t.) To talk foolishly, or nonsensically.

Blather (n.) Voluble, foolish, or nonsensical talk; -- often in the pl.

Blazer (n.) Anything that blazes or glows, as with heat or flame.

Blazer (n.) A light jacket, usually of wool or silk and of a bright color, for wear at tennis, cricket, or other sport.

Blazer (n.) The dish used when cooking directly over the flame of a chafing-dish lamp, or the coals of a brasier.

Blepharitis (n.) Inflammation of the eyelids.

Bletted (imp. & p. p.) of Blet

Bletting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Blet

Blet (v. i.) To decay internally when overripe; -- said of fruit.

Blind reader () A post-office clerk whose duty is to decipher obscure addresses.

Block (n.) In Australia, one of the large lots into which public land, when opened to settlers, is divided by the government surveyors.

Block (n.) The position of a player or bat when guarding the wicket.

Block (n.) A block hole.

Block (n.) The popping crease.

Block chain () A chain in which the alternate links are broad blocks connected by thin side links pivoted to the ends of the blocks, used with sprocket wheels to transmit power, as in a bicycle.

Block signal () One of the danger signals or safety signals which guide the movement of trains in a block system. The signal is often so coupled with a switch that act of opening or closing the switch operates the signal also.

Block system () A system by which the track is divided into short sections, as of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric, or combined electric and pneumatic, signals that no train enters a section or block until the preceding train has left it, as in absolute blocking, or that a train may be allowed to follow another into a block as long as it proceeds with excessive caution, as in permissive blocking.

Blolly (n.) A shrub or small tree of southern Florida and the West Indies (Pisonia obtusata) with smooth oval leaves and a hard, 10-ribbed fruit.

Blolly (n.) The rubiaceous shrub Chicocca racemosa, of the same region.

Blue-grass State () The Sate of Kentucky; -- a nickname alluding to the blue-grass region, where fine horses are bred.

Blue Hen State () The State of Delaware; -- a popular sobriquet. It is said, though the story lacks proof, to have taken its origin from the insistence of a Delaware Revolutionary captain, named Caldwell, that no cock could be truly game unless the mother was a blue hen, whence Blue Hen's Chickens came to be a nickname for the people of Delaware.

Bluenose (n.) A Nova Scotian; also, a Nova Scotian ship (called also Blue"nos`er (/)); a Nova Scotian potato, etc.

Blue-skylaw () A law enacted to provide for the regulation and supervision of investment companies in order to protect the public against companies that do not intend to do a fair and honest business and that offer investments that do not promise a fair return; -- so called because the promises made by some investment companies are as boundless or alluring as the blue sky, or, perhaps, because designed to clear away the clouds and fogs from the simple investor's horizon.

Bluey (a.) A bushman's blanket; -- named from its color.

Bluey (a.) A bushman's bundle; a swag; -- so called because a blanket is sometimes used as the outside covering.

Bod veal () Veal too immature to be suitable for food.

Bodhisat (n.) Alt. of Bodhisattwa

Bodhisattva (n.) Alt. of Bodhisattwa

Bodhisattwa (n.) One who has reached the highest degree of saintship, so that in his next incarnation he will be a Buddha, or savior of the world.

Body (n.) The central, longitudinal framework of a flying machine, to which are attached the planes or aerocurves, passenger accommodations, controlling and propelling apparatus, fuel tanks, etc.

Bogeys (pl. ) of Bogey

Bogey (n.) A goblin; a bugbear.

Bogey (n.) A given score or number of strokes, for each hole, against which players compete; -- said to be so called because assumed to be the score of an imaginary first-rate player called Colonel Bogey.

Bogie engine () A switching engine the running gear and driving gear of which are on a bogie, or truck.

Boiler (n.) A sunken reef; esp., a coral reef on which the sea breaks heavily.

Bolero (n.) A kind of small outer jacket, with or without sleeves, worn by women.

Bolo (n.) A kind of large knife resembling a machete.

Bolsa (n.) An exchange for the transaction of business.

Bonaci (n.) A large grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci) of Florida and the West Indies, valuable as a food fish; -- called also aguaji and, in Florida, black grouper.

Bonaci (n.) Also, any one of several other similar fishes.

Bona fides () Good faith; honesty; freedom from fraud or deception.

-nieres (pl. ) of Bonbonniere

Bonbonniere (n.) A small fancy box or dish for bonbons.

Bond (n.) A heavy copper wire or rod connecting adjacent rails of an electric railway track when used as a part of the electric circuit.

Bond (n.) League; association; confederacy.

Bongo (n.) Either of two large antelopes (Boocercus eurycercus of West Africa, and B. isaaci of East Africa) of a reddish or chestnut-brown color with narrow white stripes on the body. Their flesh is especially esteemed as food.

Bonnaz (n.) A kind of embroidery made with a complicated sewing machine, said to have been originally invented by a Frenchman of the name of Bonnaz. The work is done either in freehand or by following a perforated design.

Bonnet (n.) The metal cover or shield over the motor.

Bonnet rouge () The red cap adopted by the extremists in the French Revolution, which became a sign of patriotism at that epoch; hence, a revolutionist; a Red Republican.

Booster (n.) An instrument for regulating the electro-motive force in an alternating-current circuit; -- so called because used to "boost", or raise, the pressure in the circuit.

Bordeaux mixture () A fungicidal mixture composed of blue vitriol, lime, and water. The formula in common use is: blue vitriol, 6 lbs.; lime, 4 lbs.; water, 35 -- 50 gallons.

Bordereaux (pl. ) of Bordereau

Bordereau (n.) A note or memorandum, esp. one containing an enumeration of documents.

Boreal (a.) Designating or pertaining to a terrestrial division consisting of the northern and mountainous parts of both the Old and the New World; -- equivalent to the Holarctic region exclusive of the Transition, Sonoran, and corresponding areas. The term is used by American authors and applied by them chiefly to the Nearctic subregion. The Boreal region includes approximately all of North and Central America in which the mean temperature of the hottest season does not exceed 18¡ C. (= 64.4¡ F.). Its subdivisions are the Arctic zone and Boreal zone, the latter including the area between the Arctic and Transition zones.

Bostryx (n.) A form of cymose inflorescence with all the flowers on one side of the rachis, usually causing it to curl; -- called also a uniparous helicoid cyme.

Boswellian (a.) Relating to, or characteristic of, Dr. Johnson's biographer, James Boswell, whose hero worship made his narrative a faithful but often uncritical record of details.

Bottle-neck frame () An inswept frame.

Bottom fermentation () A slow alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells collect at the bottom of the fermenting liquid. It takes place at a temperature of 4¡ - 10¡ C. (39¡ - 50¡F.). It is used in making lager beer and wines of low alcohol content but fine bouquet.

Boucherize (v. t.) To impregnate with a preservative solution of copper sulphate, as timber, railroad ties, etc.

Bougie decimale () A photometric standard used in France, having the value of one twentieth of the Violle platinum standard, or slightly less than a British standard candle. Called also decimal candle.

Boulangism (n.) The spirit or principles of a French political movement identified with Gen. Georges Boulanger (d. 1891), whose militarism and advocacy of revenge on Germany attracted to him a miscellaneous party of monarchists and Republican malcontents.

Boule (n.) A legislative council of elders or chiefs; a senate.

Boule (n.) Legislature of modern Greece. See Legislature.

Boulevardier (n.) A frequenter of a city boulevard, esp. in Paris.

Bowdlerized (imp. & p. p.) of Bowdlerize

Bowdlerizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Bowdlerize

Bowdlerize (v. t.) To expurgate, as a book, by omitting or modifying the parts considered offensive.

Bower-Barff process () A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or steel an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron (which is not liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or ordinary acids). This is accomplished by producing, by oxidation at about 1600¡ F. in a closed space, a coating containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the magnetic oxide (Fe2O4).

Bowler (n.) A derby hat.

Boxer (n.) A member of a powerful Chinese organization which committed numerous outrages on Europeans and Christian converts in the uprising against foreigners in 1900. Various names, as "League of United Patriots" and "Great Knife [or Sword] Society," have been given as the Chinese name of the organization; why the members were called Boxers is uncertain.

Boxing day () The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday on which Christmas boxes are given to postmen, errand boys, employees, etc. The night of this day is boxing night.

Box kite () A kite, invented by Lawrence Hargrave, of Sydney, Australia, which consist of two light rectangular boxes, or cells open on two sides, and fastened together horizontally. Called also Hargrave, / cellular, kite.

Box tail () In a flying machine, a tail or rudder, usually fixed, resembling a box kite.

Boy (n.) In various countries, a male servant, laborer, or slave of a native or inferior race; also, any man of such a race.

Boy scout () Orig., a member of the "Boy Scouts," an organization of boys founded in 1908, by Sir R. S. S. Baden-Powell, to promote good citizenship by creating in them a spirit of civic duty and of usefulness to others, by stimulating their interest in wholesome mental, moral, industrial, and physical activities, etc. Hence, a member of any of the other similar organizations, which are now worldwide. In "The Boy Scouts of America" the local councils are generally under a scout commissioner, under whose supervision are scout masters, each in charge of a troop of two or more patrols of eight scouts each, who are of three classes, tenderfoot, second-class scout, and first-class scout.

Bracket (n.) A figure determined by firing a projectile beyond a target and another short of it, as a basis for ascertaining the proper elevation of the piece; -- only used in the phrase, to establish a bracket. After the bracket is established shots are fired with intermediate elevations until the exact range is obtained. In the United States navy it is called fork.

Bracket (v. t.) To shoot so as to establish a bracket for (an object).

Braille (n.) A system of printing or writing for the blind in which the characters are represented by tangible points or dots. It was invented by Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind.

Brandenburg (n.) A kind of decoration for the breast of a coat, sometimes only a frog with a loop, but in some military uniforms enlarged into a broad horizontal stripe.

Brashy (a.) Resembling, or of the nature of, brash, or broken fragments; broken; crumbly.

Brashy (a.) Showery; characterized by brashes, or showers.

Brasilin (n.) A substance, C16H14O5, extracted from brazilwood as a yellow crystalline powder which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies on exposure to the air, being oxidized to bra*sil"e*in (/), C16H12O5, to which brazilwood owes its dyeing properties.

Brasque (n.) A paste made by mixing powdered charcoal, coal, or coke with clay, molasses, tar, or other suitable substance. It is used for lining hearths, crucibles, etc. Called also steep.

Brassiere (n.) A form of woman's underwaist stiffened with whalebones, or the like, and worn to support the breasts.

Brassy (n.) A wooden club soled with brass.

Braw (a.) Well-dressed; handsome; smart; brave; -- used of persons or their clothing, etc.; as, a braw lad.

Braw (a.) Good; fine.

Breakaway (n.) A wild rush of sheep, cattle, horses, or camels (especially at the smell or the sight of water); a stampede.

Breakaway (n.) An animal that breaks away from a herd.

Breech action () The breech mechanism in breech-loading small arms and certain special guns, as automatic and machine guns; -- used frequently in referring to the method by which the movable barrels of breech-loading shotguns are locked, unlocked, or rotated to loading position.

Brelan (n.) A French gambling game somewhat like poker.

Brelan (n.) In French games, a pair royal, or triplet.

Brelan carre () In French games, a double pair royal.

Brelan favori () In French games, a pair royal composed of 2 cards in the hand and the card turned.

Breloque (n.) A seal or charm for a watch chain.

Brickfielder (n.) Orig., at Sydney, a cold and violent south or southwest wind, rising suddenly, and regularly preceded by a hot wind from the north; -- now usually called southerly buster. It blew across the Brickfields, formerly so called, a district of Sydney, and carried clouds of dust into the city.

Brickfielder (n.) By confusion, a midsummer hot wind from the north.

Bricole (n.) An ancient kind of military catapult.

Bricole (n.) In court tennis, the rebound of a ball from a wall of the court; also, the side stroke or play by which the ball is driven against the wall; hence, fig., indirect action or stroke.

Bricole (n.) A shot in which the cue ball is driven first against the cushion.

Bridge (n.) A card game resembling whist.

Brie cheese () A kind of soft French cream cheese; -- so called from the district in France where it is made; -- called also fromage de Brie.

Brig (n.) On a United States man-of-war, the prison or place of confinement for offenders.

Brilliantine (n.) An oily composition used to make the hair glossy.

Brilliantine (n.) A dress fabric having a glossy finish on both sides, resembling alpaca but of superior quality.

Brioche (n.) A light cake made with flour, butter, yeast, and eggs.

Brioche (n.) A knitted foot cushion.

Briolette (n.) An oval or pearshaped diamond having its entire surface cut in triangular facets.

Briquette (n.) A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel.

Briquette (n.) A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.

Broche (a.) Stitched; -- said of a book with no cover or only a paper one.

Brochette (n.) A small spit or skewer.

Brocken specter () Alt. of spectre

spectre () A mountain specter (which see), esp. that observed on the Brocken, in the Harz Mountains.

Broken breast () Abscess of the mammary gland.

Bromalin (n.) A colorless or white crystalline compound, (CH2)6N4C2H5Br, used as a sedative in epilepsy.

Bromanil (n.) A substance analogous to chloranil but containing bromine in place of chlorine.

Bromide (n.) A person who is conventional and commonplace in his habits of thought and conversation. [Slang]

Bromide () Alt. of Bromid, paper

Bromid, paper () A sensitized paper coated with gelatin impregnated with bromide of silver, used in contact printing and in enlarging.

Bromidiom (n.) A conventional comment or saying, such as those characteristic of bromides.

Bromogelatin (a.) Designating or pertaining to, a process of preparing dry plates with an emulsion of bromides and silver nitrate in gelatin.

Bromoiodism (n.) Poisoning induced by large doses of bromine and iodine or of their compounds.

Bromoiodized (a.) Treated with bromides and iodides.

Bromol (n.) A crystalline substance (chemically, tribromophenol, C6H2Br3OH), used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

Brontograph (n.) A tracing or chart showing the phenomena attendant on thunderstorms.

Brontograph (n.) An instrument for making such tracings, as a recording brontometer.

Brontometer (n.) An instrument for noting or recording phenomena attendant on thunderstorms.

Bronze steel () A hard tough alloy of tin, copper, and iron, which can be used for guns.

Brown race () The Malay or Polynesian race; -- loosely so called.

Brush (n.) In Australia, a dense growth of vegetation in good soil, including shrubs and trees, mostly small.

Buccan (n.) A wooden frame or grid for roasting, smoking, or drying meat over fire.

Buccan (n.) A place where meat is smoked.

Buccan (n.) Buccaned meat.

Buccan (v. t.) To expose (meat) in strips to fire and smoke upon a buccan.

Bucephalus (n.) The celebrated war horse of Alexander the Great.

Bucephalus (n.) Hence, any riding horse.

Bucketed (imp. & p. p.) of Bucket

Bucketing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Bucket

Bucket (v. t.) To draw or lift in, or as if in, buckets; as, to bucket water.

Bucket (v. t.) To pour over from a bucket; to drench.

Bucket (v. t.) To ride (a horse) hard or mercilessly.

Bucket (v. t.) To make, or cause to make (the recovery), with a certain hurried or unskillful forward swing of the body.

Buck fever () Intense excitement at the sight of deer or other game, such as often unnerves a novice in hunting.

Bulbil (n.) A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An aerial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable, when separated, of propagating the plant; -- called also bulblet and brood bud.

Bulbil (n.) A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small vessel or tube.

Bulger (n.) A driver or a brassy with a convex face.

Bull Moose () A follower of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; -- a sense said to have originated from a remark made by Roosevelt on a certain occasion that he felt "like a bull moose."

Bull Moose () The figure of a bull moose used as the party symbol of the Progressive party in the presidential campaign of 1912.

Bull-roarer (n.) A contrivance consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise. It is used as a toy, and among some races in certain religious rites.

Bully (v.) Alt. of Bully beef

Bully beef (v.) Pickled or canned beef.

Bultong (n.) Biltong.

Bumblepuppy (n.) The old game of nineholes.

Bumblepuppy (n.) Whist played in an unscientific way.

Bundesrath (n.) Lit., a federal council, esp. of the German Empire. See Legislature.

Bundes-Versammlung (n.) See Legislature, Switzerland.

Bundobust (n.) System; discipline.

Bunker (n.) A small sand hole or pit, as on a golf course.

Bunker (n.) Hence, any rough hazardous ground on the links; also, an artificial hazard with built-up faces.

Bunker (v. t.) To drive (the ball) into a bunker.

Bunkoed (imp. & p. p.) of Bunko

Bunkoing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Bunko

Bunko (v. t.) To swindle by a bunko game or scheme; to cheat or victimize in any similar way, as by a confidence game, passing a bad check, etc.

Bunsen cell () A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup.

Bunt (n.) A push or shove; a butt;

Bunt (n.) the act of bunting the ball.

Bunt (v. t. & i.) To bat or tap (the ball) slowly within the infield by meeting it with the bat without swinging at it.

-schaften (pl. ) of Burschenschaft

Burschenschaft (n.) In Germany, any of various associations of university students formed (the original one at Jena in 1815) to support liberal ideas, or the organization formed by the affiliation of the local bodies. The organization was suppressed by the government in 1819, but was secretly revived, and is now openly maintained as a social organization, the restrictive laws having been repealed prior to 1849.

Busheled (imp. & p. p.) of Bushel

Busheling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Bushel

Bushel (v. t. & i.) To mend or repair, as men's garments; to repair garments.

Bushido (n.) The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.

Busk (n.) Among the Creek Indians, a feast of first fruits celebrated when the corn is ripe enough to be eaten. The feast usually continues four days. On the first day the new fire is lighted, by friction of wood, and distributed to the various households, an offering of green corn, including an ear brought from each of the four quarters or directions, is consumed, and medicine is brewed from snakeroot. On the second and third days the men physic with the medicine, the women bathe, the two sexes are taboo to one another, and all fast. On the fourth day there are feasting, dancing, and games.

Butylamine (n.) A colorless liquid base, C4H9NH2, of which there are four isomeric varieties.

Butyryl (n.) The radical (C4H7O) of butyric acid.

Bye (n.) In various sports in which the contestants are drawn in pairs, the position or turn of one left with no opponent in consequence of an odd number being engaged; as, to draw a bye in a round of a tennis tournament.

Bye (n.) The hole or holes of a stipulated course remaining unplayed at the end of a match.

Caatinga (n.) A forest composed of stunted trees and thorny bushes, found in areas of small rainfall in Brazil.

Caballeria (n.) An ancient Spanish land tenure similar to the English knight's fee; hence, in Spain and countries settled by the Spanish, a land measure of varying size. In Cuba it is about 33 acres; in Porto Rico, about 194 acres; in the Southwestern United States, about 108 acres.

Caballero (n.) A knight or cavalier; hence, a gentleman.

Caballo (n.) A horse.

Cabaret (n.) In the United States, a cafe or restaurant where the guests are entertained by performers who dance or sing on the floor between the tables, after the practice of a certain class of French taverns; hence, an entertainment of this nature.

Caber (n.) A pole or beam, esp. one used in Gaelic games for tossing as a trial of strength.

Cabochon (n.) A stone of convex form, highly polished, but not faceted; also, the style of cutting itself. Such stones are said to be cut en cabochon.

Cachaemia (n.) Alt. of Cachemia

Cachemia (n.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood.

Cacochymia (n.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, esp. of the blood.

Cacostomia (n.) Diseased or gangrenous condition of the mouth.

Cadaverine () Alt. of -in

-in () A sirupy, nontoxic ptomaine, C5H14N2 (chemically pentamethylene diamine), formed in putrefaction of flesh, etc.

Caddie (n.) A cadet.

Caddie (n.) A lad; young fellow.

Caddie (n.) One who does errands or other odd jobs.

Caddie (n.) An attendant who carries a golf player's clubs, tees his ball, etc.

Cadet (n.) In New Zealand, a young gentleman learning sheep farming at a station; also, any young man attached to a sheep station.

Cadet (n.) A young man who makes a business of ruining girls to put them in brothels.

Caelatura (n.) Art of producing metal decorative work other than statuary, as reliefs, intaglios, engraving, chasing, etc.

Cafeteria (n.) A restaurant or cafe at which the patrons serve themselves with food kept at a counter, taking the food to small tables to eat.

Cahenslyism (n.) A plan proposed to the Pope in 1891 by P. P. Cahensly, a member of the German parliament, to divide the foreign-born population of the United States, for ecclesiastical purposes, according to European nationalities, and to appoint bishops and priests of like race and speaking the same language as the majority of the members of a diocese or congregation. This plan was successfully opposed by the American party in the Church.

Cahinca root () The root of an American shrub (Chiococca racemosa), found as far north as Florida Keys, from which cahincic acid is obtained; also, the root of the South American Chiococca anguifuga, a celebrated antidote for snake poison.

Caisson disease () A disease frequently induced by remaining for some time in an atmosphere of high pressure, as in caissons, diving bells, etc. It is characterized by neuralgic pains and paralytic symptoms. It is variously explained, most probably as due to congestion of internal organs with subsequent stasis of the blood.

Cajun (n.) In Louisiana, a person reputed to be Acadian French descent.

Calabozo (n.) A jail. See Calaboose.

Calaveras skull () A human skull reported, by Prof. J. D. Whitney, as found in 1886 in a Tertiary auriferous gravel deposit, lying below a bed of black lava, in Calaveras County, California. It is regarded as very doubtful whether the skull really belonged to the deposit in which it was found. If it did, it indicates an unprecedented antiquity for human beings of an advanced type.

California jack () A game at cards, a modification of seven-up, or all fours.

Calorisator (n.) An apparatus used in beet-sugar factories to heat the juice in order to aid the diffusion.

Calve (v. i.) To throw off fragments which become icebergs; -- said of a glacier.

Camara (n.) Chamber; house; -- used in Ca"ma*ra dos Pa"res (/), and Ca"ma*ra dos De`pu*ta"dos (/). See Legislature.

Camaraderie (n.) Comradeship and loyalty.

Camass (n.) A small prairie in a forest; a small grassy plain among hills.

Camellia (n.) An ornamental greenhouse shrub (Thea japonica) with glossy evergreen leaves and roselike red or white double flowers.

Camelry (n.) Troops that are mounted on camels.

Camembert () Alt. of Camembert cheese

Camembert cheese () A kind of soft, unpressed cream cheese made in the vicinity of Camembert, near Argentan, France; also, any cheese of the same type, wherever made.

Camorra (n.) A secret organization formed at Naples, Italy, early in the 19th century, and used partly for political ends and partly for practicing extortion, violence, etc.

Canal (n.) A long and relatively narrow arm of the sea, approximately uniform in width; -- used chiefly in proper names; as, Portland Canal; Lynn Canal.

Canape (n.) A sofa or divan.

Canape (n.) A slice or piece of bread fried in butter or oil, on which anchovies, mushrooms, etc., are served.

Canape confident () A sofa having a seat at each end at right angles to the main seats.

Candescent (a.) Glowing; luminous; incandescent.

Candle foot () The illumination produced by a British standard candle at a distance of one foot; -- used as a unit of illumination.

Candle meter () The illumination given by a standard candle at a distance of one meter; -- used as a unit of illumination, except in Great Britain.

Candlenut (n.) The fruit of a euphorbiaceous tree or shrub (Aleurites moluccana), native of some of the Pacific islands. It is used by the natives as a candle. The oil from the nut ( candlenut, / kekune, oil) has many uses.

Candlenut (n.) The tree itself.

Candlepin (n.) A form of pin slender and nearly straight like a candle.

Candlepin (n.) The game played with such pins; -- in form candlepins, used as a singular.

Candle power () Illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle.

Cangue (n.) A very broad and heavy wooden collar which certain offenders in China are compelled to wear as a punishment.

Cannele (n.) A style of interweaving giving to fabrics a channeled or fluted effect; also, a fabric woven so as to have this effect; a rep.

Cannelure (n.) A groove in any cylinder; specif., a groove around the cylinder of an elongated bullet for small arms to contain a lubricant, or around the rotating band of a gun projectile to lessen the resistance offered to the rifling. Also, a groove around the base of a cartridge, where the extractor takes hold.

Cannon (v. i.) To discharge cannon.

Cannon (v. i.) To collide or strike violently, esp. so as to glance off or rebound; to strike and rebound.

Ca/oncito (n.) A small ca/on.

Ca/oncito (n.) A narrow passage or lane through chaparral or a forest.

Caporal (n.) One who directs work; an overseer.

Capo tasto () A sort of bar or movable nut, attached to the finger board of a guitar or other fretted instrument for the purpose of raising uniformly the pitch of all the strings.

Capri (n.) Wine produced on the island of Capri, commonly a light, dry, white wine.

Capsulitis (n.) Inflammation of a capsule, as that of the crystalline lens.

Capsulotomy (n.) The incision of a capsule, esp. of that of the crystalline lens, as in a cataract operation.

Carabao (n.) The water buffalo.

Caracul (n.) Var. of Karakul, a kind of fur.

Carbon (n.) A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also, a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery.

Carbonite (n.) An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.

Carbonite (n.) An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.

Carbon process () A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.

Carbon steel () Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; -- opposed to alloy steel.

Carbon transmitter () A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.

Carborundum () A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as an abrasive.

Carborundum cloth () Alt. of paper

paper () Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.

Carburetor (n.) Alt. of Carburettor

Carburettor (n.) One that carburets; specif., an apparatus in which air or gas is carbureted, as by passing it through a light petroleum oil. The carburetor for a gasoline engine is usually either a surface carburetor, or a float, float-feed, / spray, carburetor. In the former air is charged by being passed over the surface of gasoline. In the latter a fine spray of gasoline is drawn from an atomizing nozzle by a current of air induced by the suction of the engine piston, the supply of gasoline being regulated by a float which actuates a needle valve controlling the outlet of the feed pipe. Alcohol and other volatile inflammable liquids may be used instead of gasoline.

Carcel (n.) A light standard much used in France, being the light from a Carcel lamp of stated size and construction consuming 42 grams of colza oil per hour with a flame 40 millimeters in height. Its illuminating power is variously stated at from 8.9 to 9.6 British standard candles.

Cardiogram (n.) The curve or tracing made by a cardiograph.

Cardiography (n.) Description of the heart.

Cardiography (n.) Examination by the cardiograph.

Cardiosclerosis (n.) Induration of the heart, caused by development of fibrous tissue in the cardiac muscle.

Car mile () A mile traveled by a single car, taken as a unit of computation, as in computing the average travel of each car of a system during a given period.

Car mileage () Car miles collectively.

Car mileage () The amount paid by one road the use of cars of another road.

Carminated (a.) Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake.

Carnic (a.) Of or pertaining to flesh;

Carnic (a.) pertaining to or designating a hydroscopic monobasic acid, C10H15O5N3, obtained as a cleavage product from an acid of muscle tissue.

Carnot's cycle () An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through the following four successive operations: (1) Isothermal expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired point; (3) isothermal compression to such a point that (4) adiabatic compression brings it back to its initial state.

Carotte (n.) A cylindrical roll of tobacco; as, a carotte of perique.

Carromata (n.) In the Philippines, a light, two-wheeled, boxlike vehicle usually drawn by a single native pony and used to convey passengers within city limits or for traveling. It is the common public carriage.

Cartist (n.) In Spain and Portugal, one who supports the constitution.

Cartogram (n.) A map showing geographically, by shades or curves, statistics of various kinds; a statistical map.

Casa (n.) A house or mansion.

Cascade method () A method of attaining successively lower temperatures by utilizing the cooling effect of the expansion of one gas in condensing another less easily liquefiable, and so on.

Cascade system () A system or method of connecting and operating two induction motors so that the primary circuit of one is connected to the secondary circuit of the other, the primary circuit of the latter being connected to the source of supply; also, a system of electric traction in which motors so connected are employed. The cascade system is also called tandem, / concatenated, system; the connection a cascade, tandem, / concatenated, connection, or a concatenation; and the control of the motors so obtained a tandem, / concatenation, control.

Cascara buckthorn () The buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshiana) of the Pacific coast of the United States, which yields cascara sagrada.

Cascaron (n.) Lit., an eggshell; hence, an eggshell filled with confetti to be thrown during balls, carnivals, etc.

Caseose (n.) A soluble product (proteose) formed in the gastric and pancreatic digestion of casein and caseinogen.

Case system () The system of teaching law in which the instruction is primarily a historical and inductive study of leading or selected cases, with or without the use of textbooks for reference and collateral reading.

Cashier's check () A check drawn by a bank upon its own funds, signed by the cashier.

Cash railway () A form of cash carrier in which a small carrier or car travels upon a kind of track.

Cash register () A device for recording the amount of cash received, usually having an automatic adding machine and a money drawer and exhibiting the amount of the sale.

Cassava wood () A West Indian tree (Turpinia occidentalis) of the family Staphyleaceae.

Cassel brown () Alt. of Cassel earth

Cassel earth () A brown pigment of varying permanence, consisting of impure lignite. It was found originally near Cassel (now Kassel), Germany.

Casse-tete (n.) A small war club, esp. of savages; -- so called because of its supposed use in crushing the skull.

Cassette (n.) Same as Seggar.

Cataclasm (n.) A breaking asunder; disruption.

Catacrotic (a.) Designating, pertaining to, or characterized by, that form of pulse tracing, or sphygmogram, in which the descending portion of the curve is marked by secondary elevations due to two or more expansions of the artery in the same beat.

Catadicrotism (n.) Quality or state of being catacrotic.

Cataplexy (n.) A morbid condition caused by an overwhelming shock or extreme fear and marked by rigidity of the muscles.

Catch crop () Any crop grown between the rows of another crop or intermediate between two crops in ordinary rotation in point of time.

Catch title () A short expressive title used for abbreviated book lists, etc.

Catchy (a.) Apt or tending to catch the fancy or attention; catching; taking; as, catchy music.

Catchy (a.) Tending to catch or insnare; entangling; -- usually used fig.; as, a catchy question.

Catchy (a.) Consisting of, or occuring in, disconnected parts or snatches; changeable; as, a catchy wind.

Catharsis (n.) The process of relieving an abnormal excitement by reestablishing the association of the emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and of eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).

Cathodograph () Alt. of Cathodegraph

Cathodegraph () A picture produced by the Rontgen rays; a radiograph.

Caulome (n.) A stem structure or stem axis of a plant, viewed as a whole.

Causerie (n.) Informal talk or discussion, as about literary matters; light conversation; chat.

Caution (n.) A pledge, bond, or other security for the performance of an obligation either in or out of judicial proceedings; the promise or contract of one not for himself but another; security.

Cautionary block () A block in which two or more trains are permitted to travel, under restrictions imposed by a caution card or the like.

Cave (n.) A coalition or group of seceders from a political party, as from the Liberal party in England in 1866. See Adullam, Cave of, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

-yos (pl. ) of Cayo

Cayo (n.) A small island or ledge of rock in the water; a key.

Ceinture (n.) A cincture, girdle, or belt; -- chiefly used in English as a dressmaking term.

Celestial (a.) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Chinese, or Celestial, Empire, of the Chinese people.

Celestial (n.) A Chinaman; a Chinese.

Celtium (n.) A supposed new element of the rare-earth group, accompanying lutecium and scandium in the gadolinite earths. Symbol, Ct (no period).

Cement steel () Steel produced by cementation; blister steel.

Centauromachy (n.) A fight in which centaurs take part, -- a common theme for relief sculpture, as in the Parthenon metopes.

Centennial State () Colorado; -- a nickname alluding to the fact that it was admitted to the Union in the centennial year, 1876.

Center () Alt. of seal

Centre () Alt. of seal

seal () A compound hydraulic valve for regulating the passage of the gas through a set of purifiers so as to cut out each one in turn for the renewal of the lime.

Center () Alt. of punch

Centre () Alt. of punch

punch () A punch for making indentations or dots in a piece of work, as for suspension between lathe centers, etc.

punch () A punch for punching holes in sheet metal, having a small conical center to insure correct locating.

Centrifugal filter () A filter, as for sugar, in which a cylinder with a porous or foraminous periphery is rapidly rotated so as to drive off liquid by centrifugal action.

Centrosphere (n.) The nucleus or central part of the earth, forming most of its mass; -- disting. from lithosphere, hydrosphere, etc.

Centrosphere (n.) The central mass of an aster from which the rays extend and within which the centrosome lies when present; the attraction sphere. The name has been used both as excluding and including the centrosome, and also to designate a modified mass of protoplasm about a centrosome whether aster rays are developed or not.

Ceorl (n.) A freeman of the lowest class; one not a thane or of the servile classes; a churl.

Cepaceous (a.) Of the nature of an onion, as in odor; alliaceous.

Cephalalgia (n.) Headache.

Cephalalgic (a.) Relating to, or affected with, headache.

Cephalalgic (n.) A remedy for the headache.

Cephalism (n.) Form or development of the skull; as, the races of man differ greatly in cephalism.

Cephalometry (n.) The measurement of the heads of living persons.

Cerevis (n.) A small visorless cap, worn by members of German student corps. It is made in the corps colors, and usually bears the insignia of the corps.

Ceria (n.) Cerium oxide, CeO2, a white infusible substance constituting about one per cent of the material of the common incandescent mantle.

Cerotype (n.) A printing process of engraving on a surface of wax spread on a steel plate, for electrotyping.

Cerulein (n.) A fast dyestuff, C20H8O6, made by heating gallein with strong sulphuric acid. It dyes mordanted fabrics green.

Cerulescent (a.) Tending to cerulean; light bluish.

Ceruleum (n.) A greenish blue pigment prepared in various ways, consisting essentially of cobalt stannate. Unlike other cobalt blues, it does not change color by gaslight.

C. G. T. () An abbreviation for Confederation Generale du Travail (the French syndicalist labor union).

Cha (n.) Tea; -- the Chinese (Mandarin) name, used generally in early works of travel, and now for a kind of rolled tea used in Central Asia.

Chagres fever () A form of malarial fever occurring along the Chagres River, Panama.

Chain tie () A tie consisting of a series of connected iron bars or rods.

Chalazogamy (n.) A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates to the embryosac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering through the micropyle. It was originally discovered by Treub in Casuarina, and has since been found to occur regularly in the families Betulaceae and Juglandaceae. Partial chalazogamy is found in Ulmus, the tube here penetrating the nucleus midway between the chalaza and micropyle.

Chambranle (n.) An ornamental bordering or framelike decoration around the sides and top of a door, window, or fireplace. The top piece is called the traverse and the side pieces the ascendants.

Chambray (n.) A gingham woven in plain colors with linen finish.

Chamisal (n.) A California rosaceous shrub (Adenostoma fasciculatum) which often forms an impenetrable chaparral.

Chamisal (n.) A chaparral formed by dense growths of this shrub.

Champleve (a.) Having the ground engraved or cut out in the parts to be enameled; inlaid in depressions made in the ground; -- said of a kind of enamel work in which depressions made in the surface are filled with enamel pastes, which are afterward fired; also, designating the process of making such enamel work.

Champleve (n.) A piece of champleve enamel; also, the process or art of making such enamel work; champleve work.

Change gear () A gear by means of which the speed of machinery or of a vehicle may be changed while that of the propelling engine or motor remains constant; -- called also change-speed gear.

Change key () A key adapted to open only one of a set of locks; -- distinguished from a master key.

Chanson de geste () Any Old French epic poem having for its subject events or exploits of early French history, real or legendary, and written originally in assonant verse of ten or twelve syllables. The most famous one is the Chanson de Roland.

Chantey (n.) A sailor's song.

Chaparajos (n. pl.) Overalls of sheepskin or leather, usually open at the back, worn, esp. by cowboys, to protect the legs from thorny bushes, as in the chaparral; -- called also chapareras or colloq. chaps.

Chapareras (n. pl.) Same as Chaparajos.

Chaps (n. pl.) Short for Chaparajos.

Charlie (n.) A familiar nickname or substitute for Charles.

Charlie (n.) A night watchman; -- an old name.

Charlie (n.) A short, pointed beard, like that worn by Charles I.

Charlie (n.) As a proper name, a fox; -- so called in fables and familiar literature.

Chasse (n.) A small potion of spirituous liquor taken to remove the taste of coffee, tobacco, or the like; -- originally chasse-cafe, lit., "coffee chaser."

Chasse-cafe (n.) See Chasse, n., above.

Chasse-maree (n.) A French coasting lugger.

Chassis (n.) The under part of an automobile, consisting of the frame (on which the body is mounted) with the wheels and machinery.

Chatter mark () One of the fine undulations or ripples which are formed on the surface of work by a cutting tool which chatters.

Chatter mark () A short crack on a rock surface planed smooth by a glacier.

Chauffeur (n.) Brigands in bands, who, about 1793, pillaged, burned, and killed in parts of France; -- so called because they used to burn the feet of their victims to extort money.

Chauffeur (n.) One who manages the running of an automobile; esp., the paid operator of a motor vehicle.

Chauffeuse (n.) A woman chauffeur.

Chautauqua system (of education) () The system of home study established in connection with the summer schools assembled at Chautauqua, N. Y., by the Methodist Episcopal bishop, J. H. Vincent.

Cheese cloth () A thin, loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds.

Chela (n.) In India, a dependent person occupying a position between that of a servant or slave and a disciple; hence, a disciple or novice.

Chemigraphy (n.) Any mechanical engraving process depending upon chemical action; specif., a process of zinc etching not employing photography.

Chemosis (n.) Inflammatory swelling of the conjunctival tissue surrounding the cornea.

Chemosmosis (n.) Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane.

Chemosynthesis (n.) Synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical changes or reactions. Chemosynthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the nitrite bacteria through the oxidation of ammonia to nitrous acid, and in the nitrate bacteria through the conversion of nitrous into nitric acid.

Chemotaxis () Alt. of Chemiotaxis

Chemiotaxis () The sensitiveness exhibited by small free-swimming organisms, as bacteria, zoospores of algae, etc., to chemical substances held in solution. They may be attracted (positive chemotaxis) or repelled (negative chemotaxis).

Chevy (n.) A cry used in hunting.

Chevy (n.) A hunt; chase; pursuit.

Chevy (n.) The game of prisoners' base. See Base, n., 24.

Chic (n.) Original and in good taste or form.

Chicalote (n.) A Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone platyceras), which has migrated into California.

Chicane (n.) In bridge, the holding of a hand without trumps, or the hand itself. It counts as simple honors.

Chicle () Alt. of Chicle gum

Chicle gum () A gumlike substance obtained from the bully tree (Mimusops globosa) and sometimes also from the naseberry or sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). It is more plastic than caoutchouc and more elastic than gutta-percha, as an adulterant of which it is used in England. It is used largely in the United States in making chewing gum.

Chico (n.) Var. of Chica.

Chico (n.) The common greasewood of the western United States (Sarcobatus vermiculatus).

Chico (n.) In the Philippines, the sapodilla or its fruit; also, the marmalade tree or its fruit.

Chiffon (n.) Any merely ornamental adjunct of a woman's dress, as a bunch of ribbon, lace, etc.

Chiffon (n.) A kind of soft gauzy material used for ruches, trimmings, etc.

Chih fu () An official administering a prefecture of China; a prefect, supervising the civil business of the hsiens or districts comprised in his fu (which see).

Chih hsien () An official having charge of a hsien, or administrative district, in China; a district magistrate, responsible for good order in his hsien (which see), and having jurisdiction in its civil and criminal cases.

Chih tai () A Chinese governor general; a tsung tu (which see).

Child study () A scientific study of children, undertaken for the purpose of discovering the laws of development of the body and the mind from birth to manhood.

Chilean (a.) Of or pertaining to Chile.

Chilean (n.) A native or resident of Chile; Chilian.

Chilean pine () Same as Monkey-puzzle.

Chinese Exclusion Act () Any of several acts forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, originally from 1882 to 1892 by act of May 6, 1882, then from 1892 to 1902 by act May 5, 1892. By act of April 29, 1902, all existing legislation on the subject was reenacted and continued, and made applicable to the insular possessions of the United States.

Chinoiserie (n.) Chinese conduct, art, decoration, or the like; also, a specimen of Chinese manners, art, decoration, etc.

Chinook State () Washington -- a nickname. See Chinook, n.

Chippendale (a.) Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th century. Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but graceful outline with delicately carved rococo ornamentation, sculptured either in the solid wood or, in the cheaper specimens, separately and glued on. In the more elaborate pieces three types are recognized: French Chippendale, having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze; Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike pediments; and Gothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt medieval details. The forms, as of the cabriole and chairbacks, often resemble Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is widened at the front, and the back toward the top widened and bent backward, except in Chinese Chippendale, in which the backs are usually rectangular.

Chirm (n.) Noise; din; esp.; confused noise, clamor, or hum of many voices, notes of birds, or the like.

Chit (n.) Alt. of Chitty

Chitty (n.) A short letter or note; a written message or memorandum; a certificate given to a servant; a pass, or the like.

Chitty (n.) A signed voucher or memorandum of a small debt, as for food and drinks at a club.

Chivarras (n. pl.) Alt. of Chivarros

Chivarros (n. pl.) Leggings.

Chloroplast (n.) A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules, usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain low forms.

Chokebore (n.) In a shotgun, a bore which is tapered to a slightly smaller diameter at a short distance (usually 2/ to 3 inches) to the rear of the muzzle, in order to prevent the rapid dispersion of the shot.

Chokebore (n.) A shotgun that is made with such a bore.

Chokebored (imp. & p. p.) of Chokebore

Chokeboring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Chokebore

Chokebore (v. t.) To provide with a chokebore.

Choking coil () A coil of small resistance and large inductance, used in an alternating-current circuit to impede or throttle the current, or to change its phase; -- called also reactance coil or reactor, these terms being now preferred in engineering usage.

Choky (n.) A station, as for collection of customs, for palanquin bearers, police, etc.

Choky (n.) Specif., a prison or lockup; a jail.

Chomage (n.) Stoppage; cessation (of labor).

Chomage (n.) A standing still or idle (of mills, factories, etc.).

Chop suey () Alt. of sooy

sooy () A melange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice, noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame oil.

Chortled (imp. & p. p.) of Chortle

Chor"tling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Chortle

Chortle (v. t. & i.) A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and usually explained as a combination of chuckle and snort.

Choux (pl. ) of Chou

Chou (n.) A cabbage.

Chou (n.) A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream.

Chou (n.) A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's dress.

Chow (n.) A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow.

Christian Era () The era in use in all Christian countries, which was intended to commence with the birth of Christ. The era as now established was first used by Dionysius Exiguus (died about 540), who placed the birth of Christ on the 25th of December in the year of Rome 754, which year he counted as 1 a. d. This date for Christ's birth is now generally thought to be about four years too late.

Christian Science () A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching and healing. The system was founded by Rev. Mary Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866, and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as understood by its adherents.

Christian Scientist () A believer in Christian Science; one who practices its teachings.

Christian Seneca () Joseph Hall (1574 -- 1656), Bishop of Norwich, a divine eminent as a moralist.

Christian Socialism () Any theory or system that aims to combine the teachings of Christ with the teachings of socialism in their applications to life; Christianized socialism; esp., the principles of this nature advocated by F. D. Maurice, Charles Kingsley, and others in England about 1850.

Chromatin (n.) The deeply staining substance of the nucleus and chromosomes of cells, now supposed to be the physical basis of inheritance, and generally regarded as the same substance as the hypothetical idioplasm or germ plasm.

Chromed (imp. & p. p.) of Chrome

Chroming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Chrome

Chrome (n.) To treat with a solution of potassium bichromate, as in dyeing.

Chrome steel () Same as Chromium steel, under Steel.

Chromophotograph (n.) A picture made by any of the processes for reproducing photographs in colors.

Chronophotograph (n.) One of a set of photographs of a moving object, taken for the purpose of recording and exhibiting successive phases of the motion.

Chthonian (a.) Designating, or pertaining to, gods or spirits of the underworld; esp., relating to the underworld gods of the Greeks, whose worship is widely considered as more primitive in form than that of the Olympian gods. The characteristics of chthonian worship are propitiatory and magical rites and generalized or euphemistic names of the deities, which are supposed to have been primarily ghosts.

-ties (pl. ) of Chupatty

Chupatty (n.) A kind of griddlecake of unleavened bread, used among the natives of India.

Chuprassy (n.) Alt. of Chuprassie

Chuprassie (n.) A messenger or servant wearing an official badge.

Churr (n.) A vibrant or whirring noise such as that made by some insects, as the cockchafer, or by some birds, as the nightjar, the partridge, etc.

Churred (imp. & p. p.) of Churr

Churr"ing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Churr

Churr (v. i.) To make a churr, as a cockchafer.

Churr (v. t.) To utter by churring.

Cinched (imp. & p. p.) of Cinch

Cinch"ing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Cinch

Cinch (v. t.) To put a cinch upon; to girth tightly.

Cinch (v. t.) To get a sure hold upon; to get into a tight place, as for forcing submission.

Cinch (v. i.) To perform the action of cinching; to tighten the cinch; -- often with up.

Cinch (n.) A variety of auction pitch in which a draw to improve the hand is added, and the five of trumps (called right pedro) and the five of the same color (called left pedro, and ranking between the five and the four of trumps) each count five on the score. Fifty-one points make a game. Called also double pedro and high five.

Cinch (v. t.) In the game of cinch, to protect (a trick) by playing a higher trump than the five.

-ni (pl. ) of Cincinnus

Cincinnus (n.) A form of monochasium in which the lateral branches arise alternately on opposite sides of the false axis; -- called also scorpioid cyme.

Cinematograph (n.) A machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 a second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture machine; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other common names for the cinematograph are animatograph, biograph, bioscope, electrograph, electroscope, kinematograph, kinetoscope, veriscope, vitagraph, vitascope, zoogyroscope, zoopraxiscope, etc.

Cinematograph (n.) A camera for taking chronophotographs for exhibition by the instrument described above.

Cinematographer (n.) One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs by the cinematograph.

Cinemograph (n.) An integrating anemometer.

Cinquecentist (n.) An Italian of the sixteenth century, esp. a poet or artist.

Cinquecentist (n.) A student or imitator of the art or literature of the Cinquecento.

Citrange (n.) A citrous fruit produced by a cross between the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata). It is more acid and has a more pronounced aroma than the orange; the tree is hardier. There are several varieties.

Civil Service Commission () In the United States, a commission appointed by the President, consisting of three members, not more than two of whom may be adherents of the same party, which has the control, through examinations, of appointments and promotions in the classified civil service. It was created by act of Jan, 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403).

Civil Service Reform () The substitution of business principles and methods for political methods in the conduct of the civil service. esp. the merit system instead of the spoils system in making appointments to office.

Clairaudience (n.) Act of hearing, or the ability to hear, sounds not normally audible; -- usually claimed as a special faculty of spiritualistic mediums, or the like.

Clairaudient (a.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, clairaudience.

Clairaudient (n.) One alleged to have the power of clairaudience.

Claire (n.) A small inclosed pond used for gathering and greening oysters.

Clan-na-Gael (n.) A secret society of Irish Fenians founded in Philadelphia in 1881.

Clash gear () A change-speed gear in which the gears are changed by sliding endwise.

Class day () In American colleges and universities, a day of the commencement season on which the senior class celebrates the completion of its course by exercises conducted by the members, such as the reading of the class histories and poem, the delivery of the class oration, the planting of the class ivy, etc.

Clatch (n.) A soft or sloppy lump or mass; as, to throw a clatch of mud.

Clatch (n.) Anything put together or made in a careless or slipshod way; hence, a sluttish or slipshod woman.

Clatch (v. t. & i.) To daub or smear, as with lime; to make or finish in a slipshod way.

Clearcole (n.) A priming of size mixed with whiting or white lead, used in house painting, etc.; also, a size upon which gold leaf is applied in gilding.

Clearcoled (imp. & p. p.) of Clearcole

Clearcoling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Clearcole

Clearcole (v. t.) To coat or paint with clearcole.

Cleek (n.) A large hook or crook, as for a pot over a fire; specif., an iron-headed golf club with a straight, narrow face and a long shaft.

Cleek (n.) Act of cleeking; a clutch.

Claught (pret.) of Cleek

Cleeked (pret. & p. p.) of Cleek

Cleeking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Cleek

Cleek (v. t.) To seize; clutch; snatch; catch; pluck.

Cleek (v. t.) To catch or draw out with a cleek, as a fish; to hook.

Cleek (v. t.) To hook or link (together); hence, to marry.

Cleopatra's needle () Either of two obelisks which were moved in ancient times from Heliopolis to Alexandria, one of which is now on the Thames Embankment in London, and the other in Central Park, in the City of New York.

Climactic (a.) Of or pertaining to a climax; forming, or of the nature of, a climax, or ascending series.

Clink (n.) A prison cell; a lockup; -- probably orig. the name of the noted prison in Southwark, England.

Clinostat (n.) An apparatus consisting of a slowly revolving disk, usually regulated by clockwork, by means of wich the action of external agents, as light and gravity, on growing plants may be regulated or eliminated.

Clip (n.) A part, attachment, or appendage, for seizing, clasping, or holding, an object, as a cable, etc.

Clip (n.) A gaff or hook for landing the fish, as in salmon fishing.

Clip (n.) A rapid gait.

Cloche (n.) An apparatus used in controlling certain kinds of aeroplanes, and consisting principally of a steering column mounted with a universal joint at the base, which is bellshaped and has attached to it the cables for controlling the wing-warping devices, elevator planes, and the like.

Clockwise (a. & adv.) Like the motion of the hands of a clock; -- said of that direction of a rotation about an axis, or about a point in a plane, which is ordinarily reckoned negative.

Clonus (n.) A series of muscular contractions due to sudden stretching of the muscle, -- a sign of certain neuropathies.

Cloot (n.) One of the divisions of a cleft hoof, as in the ox; also, the whole hoof.

Cloot (n.) The Devil; Clootie; -- usually in the pl.

Clootie (n.) A little hoof.

Clootie (n.) The Devil.

Clydesdale (n.) One of a breed of heavy draft horses originally from Clydesdale, Scotland. They are about sixteen hands high and usually brown or bay.

Clydesdale terrier () One of a breed of small silky-haired terriers related to, but smaller than, the Skye terrier, having smaller and perfectly erect ears.

Clytie knot () In hair dressing, a loose, low coil at the back of the head, like the knot on the head of the bust of Clytie by G. F. Watts.

Coacher (n.) A coachman.

Coacher (n.) A coach horse.

Coacher (n.) One who coaches;

Coacher (n.) one of the side at the bat posted near first or third base to direct a base runner.

Coalsack (n.) Any one of the spaces in the Milky Way which are very black, owing to the nearly complete absence of stars; esp., the large space near the Southern Cross sometimes called the Black Magellanic Cloud.

Coast and Geodetic Survey () A bureau of the United States government charged with the topographic and hydrographic survey of the coast and the execution of belts of primary triangulation and lines of precise leveling in the interior. It now belongs to the Department of Commerce and Labor.

Cocainism (n.) A morbid condition produced by the habitual and excessive use of cocaine.

Cocainize (v. t.) To treat or anaesthetize with cocaine.

Cocker spaniel () One of a breed of small or medium-sized spaniels kept for hunting or retrieving game or for household pets. They usually weigh from eighteen to twenty-eight pounds. They have the head of fair length, with square muzzle, the ears long and set low, the legs short or of medium length, and the coat fine and silky, wavy but not curly. Various colors are bred, as black, liver, red, black and white, black and tan, etc.

Cockpit (n.) In some aeroplanes and flying machines, an inclosure for the pilot or a passenger.

Cockyolly () Alt. of Cockyoly, bird

Cockyoly, bird () A pet name for any small bird.

Coelectron (n.) See Electron.

Cogon (n.) A tall, coarse grass (Imperata arundinacea) of the Philippine Islands and adjacent countries, used for thatching.

Coherer (n.) Any device in which an imperfectly conducting contact between pieces of metal or other conductors loosely resting against each other is materially improved in conductivity by the influence of Hertzian waves; -- so called by Sir O. J. Lodge in 1894 on the assumption that the impact of the electic waves caused the loosely connected parts to cohere, or weld together, a condition easily destroyed by tapping. A common form of coherer as used in wireless telegraphy consists of a tube containing filings (usually a pinch of nickel and silver filings in equal parts) between terminal wires or plugs (called conductor plugs).

Cohune () Alt. of Cohune palm

Cohune palm () A Central and South American pinnate-leaved palm (Attalea cohune), the very large and hard nuts of which are turned to make fancy articles, and also yield an oil used as a substitute for coconut oil.

Coiffeur (n.) A hairdresser.

Coign (n.) A var. spelling of Coin, Quoin, a corner, wedge; -- chiefly used in the phrase coign of vantage, a position advantageous for action or observation.

Coinsurance (n.) Insurance jointly with another or others; specif., that system of fire insurance in which the insurer is treated as insuring himself to the extent of that part of the risk not covered by his policy, so that any loss is apportioned between him and the insurance company on the principle of average, as in marine insurance or between other insurers.

Cola (n.) L. pl. of Colon.

Cola (n.) A genus of sterculiaceous trees, natives of tropical Africa, esp. Guinea, but now naturalized in tropical America, esp. in the West Indies and Brazil.

Cola (n.) Same as Cola nut, below.

Cola nut () Alt. of Cola seed

Cola seed () The bitter fruit of Cola acuminata, which is nearly as large as a chestnut, and furnishes a stimulant, which is used in medicine.

Cold-short (a.) Brittle when cold (that is, below a red heat).

Cold wave () In the terminology of the United States Weather Bureau, an unusual fall in temperature, to or below the freezing point, exceeding 16¡ in twenty-four hours or 20¡ in thirty-six hours, independent of the diurnal range.

Collaret (n.) Alt. of Collarette

Collarette (n.) A small collar; specif., a woman's collar of lace, fur, or other fancy material.

Collectivity (n.) Quality or state of being collective.

Collectivity (n.) The collective sum. aggregate, or mass of anything; specif., the people as a body; the state.

Collectivity (n.) Collectivism.

Colleen (n.) A girl; a maiden.

Collotype (n.) A photomechanical print made directly from a hardened film of gelatin or other colloid; also, the process of making such prints. According to one method, the film is sensitized with potassium dichromate and exposed to light under a reversed negative. After the dichromate has been washed out, the film is soaked in glycerin and water. As this treatment causes swelling in those parts of the film which have been acted on by light, a plate results from which impressions can be taken with prepared ink. The albertype, phototype, and heliotype are collotypes.

Colluvies (n.) A collection or gathering, as of pus, or rubbish, or odds and ends.

Colluvies (n.) A medley; offscourings or rabble.

Coloboma (n.) A defect or malformation; esp., a fissure of the iris supposed to be a persistent embryonic cleft.

Colonialism (n.) The state or quality of, or the relationship involved in, being colonial.

Colonialism (n.) A custom, idea, feature of government, or the like, characteristic of a colony.

Colonialism (n.) The colonial system or policy in political government or extension of territory.

Colony (n.) A cell family or group of common origin, mostly of unicellular organisms, esp. among the lower algae. They may adhere in chains or groups, or be held together by a gelatinous envelope.

Colony (n.) A cluster or aggregation of zooids of any compound animal, as in the corals, hydroids, certain tunicates, etc.

Colony (n.) A community of social insects, as ants, bees, etc.

Colorado (a.) Reddish; -- often used in proper names of rivers or creeks.

Colorado (a.) Medium in color and strength; -- said of cigars.

Colorimetry (n.) The quantitative determination of the depth of color of a substance.

Colorimetry (n.) A method of quantitative chemical analysis based upon the comparison of the depth of color of a solution with that of a standard liquid.

Colt pistol () A self-loading or semi-automatic pistol with removable magazine in the handle holding seven cartridges. The recoil extracts and ejects the empty cartridge case, and reloads ready for another shot. Called also Browning, / Colt-Browning, pistol.

Colt revolver () A revolver made according to a system using a patented revolving cylinder, holding six cartridges, patented by Samuel Colt, an American inventor, in 1835. With various modifications, it has for many years been the standard for the United States army.

Columbus Day () The 12th day of October, on which day in 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America, landing on one of the Bahama Islands (probably the one now commonly called Watling Island), and naming it "San Salvador"; -- called also Discovery Day. This day is made a legal holiday in many States of The United States.

Combustion chamber () A space over, or in front of , a boiler furnace where the gases from the fire become more thoroughly mixed and burnt.

Combustion chamber () The clearance space in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine where the charge is compressed and ignited.

Come-along (n.) A gripping device, as for stretching wire, etc., consisting of two jaws so attached to a ring that they are closed by pulling on the ring.

Comether (n.) Matter; affair.

Comether (n.) Friendly communication or association.

Comitiva (n.) A body of followers; -- applied to the lawless or brigand bands in Italy and Sicily.

Commandeered (imp. & p. p.) of Commandeer

Commandeering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Commandeer

Commandeer (v. t.) To compel to perform military service; to seize for military purposes; -- orig. used of the Boers.

Commandeer (v. t.) To take arbitrary or forcible possession of.

Commando (v. t.) In South Africa, a military body or command; also, sometimes, an expedition or raid; as, a commando of a hundred Boers.

Commerce destroyer () A very fast, unarmored, lightly armed vessel designed to capture or destroy merchant vessels of an enemy. Not being intended to fight, they may be improvised from fast passenger steamers.

Commingler (n.) One that commingles; specif., a device for noiseless heating of water by steam, in a vessel filled with a porous mass, as of pebbles.

Commissionaire (n.) One intrusted with a commission, now only a small commission, as an errand; esp., an attendant or subordinate employee in a public office, hotel, or the like.

Commissionaire (n.) One of a corps of pensioned soldiers, as in London, employed as doorkeepers, messengers, etc.

Commutation ticket () A ticket for transportation at a reduced rate in consideration of some special circumstance, as increase of travel; specif., a ticket for a certain number of, or for daily, trips between neighboring places at a reduced rate, such as are commonly used by those doing business in a city and living in a suburb. Commutation tickets are excepted from the prohibition against special rates contained in the Interstate Commerce Act of Feb. 4, 1887 (24 Stat. 379), and in 145 U. S. 263 it was held that party tickets were also excepted as being "obviously within the commuting principle."

-pos (pl. ) of Compo

Compo (n.) Short for Composition; -- used, esp. in England, colloq. in various trade applications;

Compo (n.) A mortar made of sand and cement.

Compo (n.) A carver's mixture of resin, whiting, and glue, used instead of plaster of Paris for ornamenting walls and cornices.

Compo (n.) A composition for billiard balls.

Compo (n.) A preparation of which printer's rollers are made.

Compo (n.) A preparation used in currying leather.

Compo (n.) Composition paid by a debtor.

Compos mentis () Sane in mind; being of sound mind, memory, and understanding.

Compos-mentis (n.) One who is compos mentis.

Compotiers (pl. ) of Compotier

Compotier (n.) A dish for holding compotes, fruit, etc.

Compound control () A system of control in which a separate manipulation, as of a rudder, may be effected by either of two movements, in different directions, of a single lever, etc.

Compressed yeast () A cake yeast made by filtering the cells from the liquid in which they are grown, subjecting to heavy pressure, and mixing with starch or flour.

Compression projectile () A projectile constructed so as to take the grooves of a rifle by means of a soft copper band firmly attached near its base or, formerly, by means of an envelope of soft metal. In small arms the modern projectile, having a soft core and harder jacket, is subjected to compression throughout the entire cylindrical part.

Comptograph (n.) A machine for adding numbers and making a printed record of the sum.

Comptometer (n.) A calculating machine; an arithmometer.

Concentrator (n.) A frame or ring of wire or hard paper fitting into the cartridge case used in some shotguns, and holding the shot together when discharged, to secure close shooting; also, a device for slightly narrowing the bore at the muzzle for the same purpose.

Concert of Europe () Alt. of European concert

European concert () An agreement or understanding between the chief European powers to take only joint action in the (European) Eastern Question.

Concert of the powers () An agreement or understanding between the chief European powers, the United States, and Japan in 1900 to take only joint action in the Chinese aspect of the Eastern Question.

Concessionaire (n.) Alt. of Concessionnaire

Concessionnaire (n.) The beneficiary of a concession or grant.

Concessionary (a.) Of or pertaining to a concession.

-ries (pl. ) of Concessionary

Concessionary (n.) A concessionaire.

Conciergerie (n.) The office or lodge of a concierge or janitor.

Conciergerie (n.) A celebrated prison, attached to the Palais de Justice in Paris.

Concord buggy () A kind of buggy having a body with low sides, and side springs.

Condor (n.) The California vulture.

Condor (n.) A gold coin of Chile, bearing the figure of a condor, and equal to twenty pesos. It contains 10.98356 grams of gold, and is equivalent to about $7.29. Called also colon.

Condor (n.) A gold coin of Colombia equivalent to about $9.65. It is no longer coined.

Conductance (n.) Conducting power; -- the reciprocal of resistance. A suggested unit is the mho, the reciprocal of the ohm.

Conduit system () A system of electric traction, esp. for light railways, in which the actuating current passes along a wire or rail laid in an underground conduit, from which the current is "picked up" by a plow or other device fixed to the car or electric locomotive. Hence Conduit railway.

Cone clutch () A friction clutch with conical bearing surfaces.

Coneflower (n.) Any plant of the genus Rudbeckia; -- so called from the cone-shaped disk of the flower head. Also, any plant of the related genera Ratibida and Brauneria, the latter usually known as purple coneflower.

Cone-nose (n.) A large hemipterous insect of the family Reduviidae, often found in houses, esp. in the southern and western United States. It bites severely, and is one of the species called kissing bugs. It is also called big bedbug.

Conestoga wagon () Alt. of wain

wain () A kind of large broad-wheeled wagon, usually covered, for traveling in soft soil and on prairies.

Confectioners' sugar () A highly refined sugar in impalpable powder, esp. suited to confectioners' uses.

Confederacy (n.) With the, the Confederate States of America.

Confetti (n. pl.) Bonbons; sweetmeats; confections; also, plaster or paper imitations of, or substitutes for, bonbons, often used by carnival revelers, at weddings, etc.

Conformator (n.) An apparatus for taking the conformation of anything, as of the head for fitting a hat, or, in craniometry, finding the largest horizontal area of the head.

Congo group () A group of artificial dyes with an affinity for vegetable fibers, so that no mordant is required. Most of them are azo compounds derived from benzidine or tolidine. Called also benzidine dyes.

Congo red () An artificial red dye from which the Congo group received its name. It is also widely used either in aqueous solution or as test paper (Congo paper) for the detection of free acid, which turns it blue.

Congreve (n.) Short for Cogreve rocket, a powerful form of rocket formerly used in war, either in the field or for bombardment. In the former case it was armed with shell, shrapnel, or other missiles; in the latter, with an inextinguishable explosive material, inclosed in a metallic case. It was guided by a long wooden stick.

Congreve (n.) Short for Congreve match, an early friction match, containing sulphur, potassium chlorate, and antimony sulphide.

Conquian (n.) A game for two, played with 40 cards, in which each player tries to form three or four of a kind or sequences.

Consol (n.) A consolidated annuity (see Consols); -- chiefly in combination or attributively.

Consolation game () Alt. of race

match () Alt. of race

pot () Alt. of race

race () A game, match, etc., open only to losers in early stages of contests.

Constant (n.) A number whose value, when ascertained (as by observation) and substituted in a general mathematical formula expressing an astronomical law, completely determines that law and enables predictions to be made of its effect in particular cases.

Constant (n.) A number expressing some property or condition of a substance or of an instrument of precision; as, the dielectric constant of quartz; the collimation constant of a transit instrument.

Consumer's goods () Economic goods that directly satisfy human wants or desires, such as food, clothes, pictures, etc.; -- called also consumption goods, or goods of the first order, and opposed to producer's goods.

Consumer's surplus () The excess that a purchaser would be willing to pay for a commodity over that he does pay, rather than go without the commodity; -- called also consumer's rent.

Contagious disease () A disease communicable by contact with a patient suffering from it, or with some secretion of, or object touched by, such a patient. Most such diseases have already been proved to be germ diseases, and their communicability depends on the transmission of the living germs. Many germ diseases are not contagious, some special method of transmission or inoculation of the germs being required.

Contes (pl. ) of Conte

Conte (n.) A short narrative or tale, esp. one dealing with surprising or marvelous events.

Continental drive () A transmission arrangement in which the longitudinal crank shaft drives the rear wheels through a clutch, change-speed gear, countershaft, and two parallel side chains, in order.

Continental glacier () A broad ice sheet resting on a plain or plateau and spreading outward from a central neve, or region of accumulation.

Continental pronunciation () A method of pronouncing Latin and Greek in which the vowels have their more familiar Continental values, as in German and Italian, the consonants being pronounced mostly as in English. The stricter form of this method of pronouncing Latin approaches the Roman, the modified form the English, pronunciation. The Continental method of Greek pronunciation is often called Erasmian.

Continental system () The system of commercial blockade aiming to exclude England from commerce with the Continent instituted by the Berlin decree, which Napoleon I. issued from Berlin Nov. 21, 1806, declaring the British Isles to be in a state of blockade, and British subjects, property, and merchandise subject to capture, and excluding British ships from all parts of Europe under French dominion. The retaliatory measures of England were followed by the Milan decree, issued by Napoleon from Milan Dec. 17, 1807, imposing further restrictions, and declaring every ship going to or from a port of England or her colonies to be lawful prize.

Contrabass (n.) The lowest stringed instrument of the violin family.

Contract system () The sweating system.

Contract system () The system of employing convicts by selling their labor (to be performed inside the prison) at a fixed price per day to contractors who are allowed to have agents in the prison to superintend the work.

Contract tablet () A clay tablet on which was inscribed a contract, for safe keeping. Such tablets were inclosed in an outer case (often called the envelope), on which was inscribed a duplicate of the inscription on the inclosed tablet.

Contraplex (a.) Pertaining to the sending of two messages in opposite directions at the same time.

Contraption (n.) A contrivance; a new-fangled device; -- used scornfully.

Contredanse (n.) A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in opposite lines.

Contredanse (n.) The quadrille.

Contredanse (n.) A piece of music in the rhythm of such a dance.

Contribution plan () A plan of distributing surplus by giving to each policy the excess of premiums and interest earned thereon over the expenses of management, cost of insurance, and the policy value at the date of computation. This excess is called the contribution of the policy.

Control (n.) The complete apparatus used to control a mechanism or machine in operation, as a flying machine in flight;

Control (n.) the mechanism controlling the rudders and ailerons.

Control (n.) Any of the physical factors determining the climate of any particular place, as latitude,distribution of land and water, altitude, exposure, prevailing winds, permanent high- or low-barometric-pressure areas, ocean currents, mountain barriers, soil, and vegetation.

Controller (n.) Any electric device for controlling a circuit or system;

Controller (n.) An electromagnet, excited by the main current, for throwing a regulator magnet into or out of circuit in an automatic device for constant current regulation.

Controller (n.) A kind of multiple switch for gradually admitting the current to, or shutting it off from, an electric motor; as, a car controller for an electric railway car.

Controller (n.) A lever controlling the speed of an engine; -- applied esp. to the lever governing a throttle valve, as of a steam or gasoline engine, esp. on an automobile.

Convoy pennant () A white pennant with red border, carried : (a) Forward on all vessels on convoy duty. (b) Alone by a senior officer present during evolutions or drills, when it commands "Silence." (c) Over a signal number, when it refers to the signal number of an officer in the Annual Navy Register.

Cooey (n.) Alt. of Cooee

Cooee (n.) A peculiar cry uttered by the Australian aborigines as a call to attract attention, and also in common use among the Australian colonists. In the actual call the first syllable is much prolonged (k/"-) and the second ends in a shrill, staccato /. To represent the sound itself the spelling cooee is generally used.

Cooeyed (imp. & p. p.) of Cooee

Cooeed () of Cooee

Cooeying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Cooee

Cooeeing () of Cooee

Cooey (v. i.) Alt. of Cooee

Cooee (v. i.) To call out cooee.

Cooncan (n.) A game of cards derived from conquian, played by two or more players with one or two full packs of cards.

Copalm (n.) The yellowish, fragrant balsam yielded by the sweet gum; also, the tree itself.

Copenhagen (n.) A sweetened hot drink of spirit and beaten eggs.

Copenhagen (n.) A children's game in which one player is inclosed by a circle of others holding a rope.

Coppiced (imp. & p. p.) of Coppice

Coppicing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Coppice

Coppice (v. t.) To cause to grow in the form of a coppice; to cut back (as young timber) so as to produce shoots from stools or roots.

Coptic Church () The native church of Egypt or church of Alexandria, which in general organization and doctrines resembles the Roman Catholic Church, except that it holds to the Monophysitic doctrine which was condemned (a. d. 451) by the council of Chalcedon, and allows its priests to marry. The "pope and patriarch" has jurisdiction over the Abyssinian Church. Since the 7th century the Coptic Church has been so isolated from modifying influences that in many respects it is the most ancient monument of primitive Christian rites and ceremonies. But centuries of subjection to Moslem rule have weakened and degraded it.

Coque (n.) A small loop or bow of ribbon used in making hats, boas, etc.

Coquille (n.) Lit., a shell;

Coquille (n.) A shell or shell-like dish or mold in which viands are served.

Coquille (n.) The expansion of the guard of a sword, dagger, etc.

Coquille (n.) A form of ruching used as a dress trimming or for neckwear, and named from the manner in which it is gathered or fulled.

Corah (n.) Plain; undyed; -- applied to Indian silk.

Corah (n.) Corah silk.

Corbeling (n.) Alt. of Corbelling

Corbelling (n.) Corbel work or the construction of corbels; a series of corbels or piece of continuous corbeled masonry, sometimes of decorative purpose, as in the stalactite ornament of the Moslems.

Cordite (n.) A smokeless powder composed of nitroglycerin, guncotton, and mineral jelly, and used by the British army and in other services. In making it the ingredients are mixed into a paste with the addition of acetone and pressed out into cords (of various diameters) resembling brown twine, which are dried and cut to length. A variety containing less nitroglycerin than the original is known as cordite M. D.

Cordoba (n.) The monetary unit of Nicaragua, equivalent to the United States gold dollar.

Cordy (superl.) Of, or like, cord; having cords or cordlike parts.

Core (n.) A mass of iron, usually made of thin plates, upon which the conductor of an armature or of a transformer is wound.

Core loss () Energy wasted by hysteresis or eddy currents in the core of an armature, transformer, etc.

Coreplasty (n.) A plastic operation on the pupil, as for forming an artificial pupil.

Corinthian (n.) A man of fashion given to pleasuring or sport; a fashionable man about town; esp., a man of means who drives his own horse, sails his own yacht, or the like.

Corkwood (n.) The wood of the cork oak.

Corkwood (n.) Any one of several trees or shrubs having light or corky wood;

Corkwood (n.) In the United States, the tree Leitneria floridana.

Corkwood (n.) In the West Indies: (1) Either of the cotton trees Ochroma lagopus and Pariti tiliaceum.

Corkwood (n.) The tree producing the aligator apple.

Corkwood (n.) The blolly.

Corner (n.) A free kick from close to the nearest corner flag post, allowed to the opposite side when a player has sent the ball behind his own goal line.

Coronary bone () The small pastern bone of the horse and allied animals.

Coronary cushion () A cushionlike band of vascular tissue at the upper border of the wall of the hoof of the horse and allied animals. It takes an important part in the secretion of the horny walls.

Coronium (n.) The principal gaseous substance forming the solar corona, characterized by a green line in the coronal spectrum.

Corps (n.) In some countries of Europe, a form of students' social society binding the members to strict adherence to certain student customs and its code of honor; -- Ger. spelling usually korps.

Corpuscle (n.) An electron.

Correspondence school () A school that teaches by correspondence, the instruction being based on printed instruction sheets and the recitation papers written by the student in answer to the questions or requirements of these sheets. In the broadest sense of the term correspondence school may be used to include any educational institution or department for instruction by correspondence, as in a university or other educational bodies, but the term is commonly applied to various educational institutions organized on a commercial basis, some of which offer a large variety of courses in general and technical subjects, conducted by specialists.

Corridor train () A train whose coaches are connected so as to have through its entire length a continuous corridor, into which the compartments open.

Corroboree (n.) A nocturnal festivity with which the Australian aborigines celebrate tribal events of importance. Symbolic dances are given by the young men of the tribe, while the women act as musicians.

Corroboree (n.) A song or chant made for such a festivity.

Corroboree (n.) A festivity or social gathering, esp. one of a noisy or uproarious character; hence, tumult; uproar.

Corrobory (n. & v.) See Corroboree.

Corsair (n.) A Californian market fish (Sebastichthys rosaceus).

Cortes Geraes () See Legislature, Portugal.

Cosmos (n.) A genus of composite plants closely related to Bidens, usually with very showy flowers, some with yellow, others with red, scarlet, purple, white, or lilac rays. They are natives of the warmer parts of America, and many species are cultivated. Cosmos bipinnatus and C. diversifolius are among the best-known species; C. caudatus, of the West Indies, is widely naturalized.

Cossack post () An outpost consisting of four men, forming one of a single line of posts substituted for the more formal line of sentinels and line of pickets.

Cossette (n.) One of the small chips or slices into which beets are cut in sugar making.

Coston lights () Signals made by burning lights of different colors and used by vessels at sea, and in the life-saving service; -- named after their inventor.

Coteaux (pl. ) of Coteau

Coteau (n.) A hilly upland including the divide between two valleys; a divide.

Coteau (n.) The side of a valley.

Cotta (n.) A surplice, in England and America usually one shorter and less full than the ordinary surplice and with short sleeves, or sometimes none.

Cotta (n.) A kind of very coarse woolen blanket.

Cotton batting () Cotton prepared in sheets or rolls for quilting, upholstering, and similar purposes.

Cotton seed (n.) Alt. of Cottonseed

Cottonseed (n.) The seed of the cotton plant.

Cottonseed meal () A meal made from hulled cotton seeds after the oil has been expressed.

Cottonseed oil () A fixed, semidrying oil extracted from cottonseed. It is pale yellow when pure (sp. gr., .92-.93). and is extensively used in soap making, in cookery, and as an adulterant of other oils.

Cotton State () Alabama; -- a nickname.

Couleur (n.) Color; -- chiefly used in a few French phrases, as couler de rose, color of rose; and hence, adjectively, rose-colored; roseate.

Couleur (n.) A suit of cards, as hearts or clubs; -- used in some French games.

Coulisse (n.) A fluting in a sword blade.

Coulisse (n.) The outside stock exchange, or "curb market," of Paris.

Coulomb meter () Any instrument by which electricity can be measured in coulombs.

Coulomb's law () The law that the force exerted between two electric or magnetic charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between them.

Coulure (n.) A disease affecting grapes, esp. in California, manifested by the premature dropping of the fruit.

Coumarou (n.) The tree (Dipteryx odorata) which bears the tonka bean; also, the bean itself.

Counterglow (n.) An exceedingly faint roundish or somewhat oblong nebulous light near the ecliptic and opposite the sun, best seen during September and October, when in the constellations Sagittarius and Pisces. Its cause is not yet understood. Called also Gegenschein.

Counterlath (n.) A batten laid lengthwise between two rafters to afford a bearing for laths laid crosswise.

Counterlath (n.) Any lath laid without actual measurement between two gauged laths.

Counterlath (n.) Any of a series of laths nailed to the timbers to raise the sheet lathing above their surface to afford a key for plastering.

Counterlath (n.) One of many laths used in preparing one side of a partition or framed wall, when the other side has been covered in and finished.

Country bank () A national bank not in a reserve city.

Country club () A club usually located in the suburbs or vicinity of a city or town and devoted mainly to outdoor sports.

Country cousin () A relative from the country visiting the city and unfamiliar with city manners and sights.

Coup (n.) A single roll of the wheel at roulette, or a deal at rouge et noir.

Coup (n.) Among some tribes of North American Indians, the act of striking or touching an enemy in warfare with the hand or at close quarters, as with a short stick, in such a manner as by custom to entitle the doer to count the deed an act of bravery; hence, any of various other deeds recognized by custom as acts of bravery or honor.

Coup (v. i.) To make a coup.

Coupstick (n.) A stick or switch used among some American Indians in making or counting a coup.

Couveuse (n.) An incubator for sickly infants, esp. those prematurely born.

Coverage (n.) The aggregate of risks covered by the terms of a contract of insurance.

Cover crop () A catch crop planted, esp. in orchards. as a protection to the soil in winter, as well as for the benefit of the soil when plowed under in spring.

Coverside (n.) A region of country having covers; a hunting country.

Coving (n.) A cove or series of coves, as the concaved surface under the overhang of a projecting upper story.

Coving (n.) The splayed jambs of a flaring fireplace.

Cowalker (n.) A phantasmic or "astral" body deemed to be separable from the physical body and capable of acting independently; a doppelganger.

Cowpea (n.) A leguminous plant (Vigna Sinensis, syn. V. Catjang) found throughout the tropics of the Old World. It is extensively cultivated in the Southern United States for fodder, and the seed is used as food for man.

Coyote State () South Dakota; -- a nickname.

Coyotillo (n.) A low rhamnaceous shrub (Karwinskia humboldtiana) of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Its berries are said to be poisonous to the coyote.

C Q D () In radiotelegraphy, the letters signified by the code call formerly used (cf. S O S) by ships in distress, formed by combining the code call C Q (formerly used as a general call for all stations) with D for distress.

Crackajack (n.) An individual of marked ability or excellence, esp. in some sport; as, he is a crackajack at tennis.

Crackajack (n.) A preparation of popped corn, candied and pressed into small cakes.

Crackajack (a.) Of marked ability or excellence.

Cracker State () Georgia; -- a nickname. See Cracker, n. 5.

Crack-loo () Alt. of Crackaloo

Crackaloo () A kind of gambling game consisting in pitching coins to or towards the ceiling of a room so that they shall fall as near as possible to a certain crack in the floor.

Cradleland (n.) Land or region where one was cradled; hence, land of origin.

Cramp (n.) A paralysis of certain muscles due to excessive use; as, writer's cramp; milker's cramp, etc.

Crampet (n.) One of the plates of iron, with attached spikes, forming a pair of crampoons

Crampet (n.) an iron plate for a player to stand on when delivering the stones.

Crandall (n.) A kind of hammer having a head formed of a group of pointed steel bars, used for dressing ashlar, etc.

Crandall (v. t. ) To dress with a crandall.

Crane (n.) Any arm which swings about a vertical axis at one end, used for supporting a suspended weight.

Crane (n.) The American blue heron (Ardea herodias).

Crap (n.) In the game of craps, a first throw of the dice in which the total is two, three, or twelve, in which case the caster loses.

Crapaud (n.) A toad.

Crapaud (n.) As a proper name, Johnny Crapaud, or Crapaud, a nickname for a Frenchman.

Crap shooting () Same as Craps.

Crawl stroke () A racing stroke, in which the swimmer, lying flat on the water with face submerged, takes alternate overhand arm strokes while moving his legs up and down alternately from the knee.

Craze (n.) A crack in the glaze or enamel such as is caused by exposure of the pottery to great or irregular heat.

Crazing (n.) Fine cracks resulting from shrinkage on the surface of glazed pottery, concrete, or other material. The admired crackle in some Oriental potteries and porcelains is crazing produced in a foreseen and regulated way. In common pottery it is often the result of exposure to undue heat, and the beginning of disintegration.

Crease (n.) The combination of four lines forming a rectangle inclosing either goal, or the inclosed space itself, within which no attacking player is allowed unless the ball is there; -- called also goal crease.

Creeping Charlie () The stonecrop (Sedum acre).

Creme (n.) Cream; -- a term used esp. in cookery, names of liqueurs, etc.

Creole State () Louisiana; -- a nickname. See Creole, n. & a.

Creosote bush () A shrub (Covillea mexicana) found in desert regions from Colorado to California and southward through Mexico. It has yellow flowers and very resinous foliage with a strong odor of creosote.

Crepe (n.) Any of various crapelike fabrics, whether crinkled or not.

Cretaceous () Alt. of Cretacic

Cretacic () Of, pertaining to, or designating, the period of time following the Jurassic and preceding the Eocene.

Crimp (v. t.) In cartridge making, to fold the edge of (a cartridge case) inward so as to close the mouth partly and confine the charge.

Cripple () Swampy or low wet ground, often covered with brush or with thickets; bog.

Cripple () A rocky shallow in a stream; -- a lumberman's term.

Crofton system () A system of prison discipline employing for consecutive periods cellular confinement, associated imprisonment under the mark system, restraint intermediate between imprisonment and freedom, and liberation on ticket of leave.

Crookes space () The dark space within the negative-pole glow at the cathode of a vacuum tube, observed only when the pressure is low enough to give a striated discharge; -- called also Crookes layer.

Crookneck (n.) Either of two varieties of squash, distinguished by their tapering, recurved necks. The summer crookneck is botanically a variety of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and matures early in the season. It is pale yellow in color, with warty excrescences. The winter crookneck belongs to a distinct species (C. moschata) and is smooth and often striped.

Croquante (n.) A brittle cake or other crisp pastry.

Cross-buttock (n.) A throw in which the wrestler turns his left side to his opponent, places his left leg across both legs of his opponent, and pulls him forward over his hip; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse.

Crosse (n.) The implement with which the ball is thrown and caught in the game of lacrosse.

Cross-fertilized (imp. & p. p.) of Cross-fertilize

Cross-fertilizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Cross-fertilize

Cross-fertilize (v. t.) To fertilize, as the stigmas of a flower or plant, with the pollen from another individual of the same species.

Crotch (n.) In the three-ball carom game, a small space at each corner of the table. See Crotched, below.

Crotched (imp. & p. p.) of Crotch

Crotch"ing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Crotch

Crotch (v. t.) To provide with a crotch; to give the form of a crotch to; as, to crotch the ends of ropes in splicing or tying knots.

Crotch (v. t.) To notch (a log) on opposite sides to provide a grip for the dogs in hauling.

Crotch chain () A form of tackle for loading a log sideways on a sled, skidway, etc.

Crotched (a.) Lying within a crotch; -- said of the object balls in the three-ball carom game whenever the centers of both lie within a 4/-inch square at a corner of the table, in which case but three counts are allowed unless one or both balls be forced out of the crotch.

Crown colony () A colony of the British Empire not having an elective magistracy or a parliament, but governed by a chief magistrate (called Governor) appointed by the Crown, with executive councilors nominated by him and not elected by the people.

Crownland (n.) In Austria-Hungary, one of the provinces, or largest administrative divisions of the monarchy; as, the crownland of Lower Austria.

Croydon (n.) A kind of carriage like a gig, orig. of wicker-work.

Croydon (n.) A kind of cotton sheeting; also, a calico.

Crucible steel () Cast steel made by fusing in crucibles crude or scrap steel, wrought iron, and other ingredients and fluxes.

Cruise (v. i.) To inspect forest land for the purpose of estimating the quantity of lumber it will yield.

Cruise (v. t.) To cruise over or about.

Cruise (v. t.) To explore with reference to capacity for the production of lumber; as, to cruise a section of land.

Cruiser (n.) A man-of-war less heavily armed and armored than a battle ship, having great speed, and generally of from two thousand to twelve thousand tons displacement.

Crux ansata () A cross in the shape of the ankh.

Cryometer (n.) A thermometer for the measurement of low temperatures, esp. such an instrument containing alcohol or some other liquid of a lower freezing point than mercury.

Cubism (n.) A movement or phase in post-impressionism (which see, below).

Cuculli (pl. ) of Cucullus

Cucullus (n.) A hood-shaped organ, resembling a cowl or monk's hood, as certain concave and arched sepals or petals.

Cucullus (n.) A color marking or structure on the head somewhat resembling a hood.

Cuesta (n.) A sloping plain, esp. one with the upper end at the crest of a cliff; a hill or ridge with one face steep and the opposite face gently sloping.

Cui bono () Lit., for whose benefit; incorrectly understood, it came to be used in the sense, of what good or use; and hence, (what) purpose; object; specif., the ultimate object of life.

Cuirassier (n.) In modern armies, a soldier of the heaviest cavalry, wearing a cuirass only when in full dress.

Cuir bouilli () In decorative art, boiled leather, fitted by the process to receive impressed patterns, like those produced by chasing metal, and to retain the impression permanently.

Culex (n.) A genus of mosquitoes to which most of the North American species belong. Some members of this genus are exceedingly annoying, as C. sollicitans, which breeds in enormous numbers in the salt marshes of the Atlantic coast, and C. pipiens, breeding very widely in the fresh waters of North America. (For characters distinguishing these from the malaria mosquitoes, see Anopheles, above.) The yellow-fever mosquito is now placed in another genus, Stegomyia.

Culicid (a.) Like or pertaining to the Mosquito family (Culicidae).

Culicid (n.) A culicid insect.

Cultch (n.) Young or seed oysters together with the shells and other objects to which they are usually attached.

Cultch (n.) Rubbish; debris; refuse.

Culture (n.) The cultivation of bacteria or other organisms in artificial media or under artificial conditions.

Culture (n.) The collection of organisms resulting from such a cultivation.

Culture (n.) Those details of a map, collectively, which do not represent natural features of the area delineated, as names and the symbols for towns, roads, houses, bridges, meridians, and parallels.

Culture features () The artificial features of a district as distinguished from the natural.

Culture myth () A myth accounting for the discovery of arts and sciences or the advent of a higher civilization, as in the Prometheus myth.

Cultus (a.) Bad, worth less; no good.

Culver's physic () Alt. of Culver's root

Culver's root () The root of a handsome erect herb (Leptandra, syn. Veronica, Virginica) common in most moist woods of North America , used as an active cathartic and emetic; also, the plant itself.

Cummerbund (n.) A sash for the waist; a girdle.

Cumquat (n.) See Kumquat.

Cuppy (a.) Hollow; cuplike; also, full of cups, or small depressions.

Cuppy (a.) Characterized by cup shakes; -- said of timber.

Cup shake () A shake or fissure between the annual rings of a tree, found oftenest near the roots.

Curetted (imp. & p. p.) of Curette

Curetting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Curette

Curette (v. t.) To scrape with a curette.

Curial (a.) Of or pertaining to the papal curia; as, the curial etiquette of the Vatican.

Curial (n.) A member of a curia, esp. of that of Rome or the later Italian sovereignties.

Cuscus (n.) A soft grass (Pennisetum typhoideum) found in all tropical regions, used as food for men and cattle in Central Africa.

Cuscus oil () Same as Vetiver oil.

Cushion tire () A thick solid-rubber tire, as for a bicycle, with a hollow groove running lengthwise on the inside.

Cussedness (n.) Disposition to willful wrongdoing; malignity; perversity; cantankerousness; obstinacy.

Cut (v. t.) To deflect (a bowled ball) to the off, with a chopping movement of the bat.

Cut (v. t.) To drive (an object ball) to either side by hitting it fine on the other side with the cue ball or another object ball.

Cut (v. t.) To strike (a ball) with the racket inclined or struck across the ball so as to put a certain spin on the ball.

Cut (v. t.) To drive (a ball) to one side by hitting with another ball.

Cut (n.) A slanting stroke causing the ball to spin and bound irregularly; also, the spin so given to the ball.

Cut (n.) A stroke on the off side between point and the wicket; also, one who plays this stroke.

Cutin (n.) A waxy substance which, combined with cellulose, forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.

Cycle (n.) A series of operations in which heat is imparted to (or taken away from) a working substance which by its expansion gives up a part of its internal energy in the form of mechanical work (or being compressed increases its internal energy) and is again brought back to its original state.

Cycle (n.) A complete positive and negative wave of an alternating current; one period. The number of cycles (per second) is a measure of the frequency of an alternating current.

Cyclone (n.) In general, a condition of the atmosphere characterized by a central area of pressure much lower than that of surrounding areas, and a system of winds blowing inward and around (clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern); -- called also a low-area storm. It is attended by high temperature, moist air, abundant precipitation, and clouded sky. The term includes the hurricane, typhoon, and tropical storms; it should not be applied to the moderate disturbances attending ordinary areas of low pressure nor to tornadoes, waterspouts, or "twisters," in which the vertical motion is more important than the horizontal.

Cyclone (n.) A tornado. See above, and Tornado.

Cyclone cellar () Alt. of pit

pit () A cellar or excavation used for refuge from a cyclone, or tornado.

Cyclonoscope (n.) An apparatus to assist in locating the center of a cyclone.

Cymograph (n.) An instrument for making tracings of the outline or contour of profiles, moldings, etc.

Cymograph (n.) Var. of Kymograph.

Cymograph (v. t.) To trace or copy with a cymograph.

Cymometer (n.) An instrument for exhibiting and measuring wave motion

Cymometer (n.) an instrument for determining the frequency of electic wave oscillations, esp. in connection with wireless telegraphy.

Cymoscope (n.) Any device for detecting the presence of electric waves. The influence of electric waves on the resistance of a particular kind of electric circuit, on the magnetization of steel, on the polarization of an electrolytic cell, or on the electric condition of a vacuum has been applied in the various cymoscopes.

Dahoon () An evergreen shrub or small tree (Ilex cassine) of the southern United States, bearing red drupes and having soft, white, close-grained wood; -- called also dahoon holly.

Daira (n.) Any of several valuable estates of the Egyptian khedive or his family. The most important are the Da"i*ra Sa"ni*eh (/), or Sa"ni*yeh, and the Da"i*ra Khas"sa, administered by the khedive's European bondholders, and known collectively as the Daira, or the Daira estates.

Dalles (n. pl.) A rapid, esp. one where the channel is narrowed between rock walls.

Damara (n.) A native of Damaraland, German Southwest Africa. The Damaras include an important and warlike Bantu tribe, and the Hill Damaras, who are Hottentots and mixed breeds hostile to the Bantus.

Damascus steel () See Damask steel, under Damask.

Dandie Dinmont (n.) Alt. of Dandie

Dandie (n.) In Scott's "Guy Mannering", a Border farmer of eccentric but fine character, who owns two terriers claimed to be the progenitors of the Dandie Dinmont terriers.

Dandie (n.) One of a breed of terriers with short legs, long body, and rough coat, originating in the country about the English and Scotch border.

Dariole (n.) A crustade.

Dariole (n.) A shell or cup of pastry filled with custard, whipped cream, crushed macaroons, etc.

Dasheen (n.) A tropical aroid (of the genus Caladium, syn. Colocasia) having an edible farinaceous root. It is related to the taro and to the tanier, but is much superior to it in quality and is as easily cooked as the potato. It is a staple food plant of the tropics, being prepared like potatoes, and has been introduced into the Southern United States.

Date line () The hypothetical line on the surface of the earth fixed by international or general agreement as a boundary on one side of which the same day shall have a different name and date in the calendar from its name and date on the other side.

Deacon (v. t.) With humorous reference to hypocritical posing: To pack (fruit or vegetables) with the finest specimens on top; to alter slyly the boundaries of (land); to adulterate or doctor (an article to be sold), etc.

Dead (a.) Carrying no current, or producing no useful effect; -- said of a conductor in a dynamo or motor, also of a telegraph wire which has no instrument attached and, therefore, is not in use.

Dead (a.) Out of play; regarded as out of the game; -- said of a ball, a piece, or a player under certain conditions in cricket, baseball, checkers, and some other games.

Deaden (v. t.) To render impervious to sound, as a wall or floor; to deafen.

Debacle (n.) A sudden breaking up or breaking loose; a violent dispersion or disruption; impetuous rush; outburst.

Debenture (n.) Any of various instruments issued, esp. by corporations, as evidences of debt. Such instruments (often called debenture bonds) are generally, through not necessarily, under seal, and are usually secured by a mortgage or other charge upon property; they may be registered or unregistered. A debenture secured by a mortgage on specific property is called a mortgage debenture; one secured by a floating charge (which see), a floating debenture; one not secured by any charge a naked debenture. In general the term debenture in British usage designates any security issued by companies other than their shares, including, therefore, what are in the United States commonly called bonds. When used in the United States debenture generally designates an instrument secured by a floating charge junior to other charges secured by fixed mortgages, or, specif., one of a series of securities secured by a group of securities held in trust for the benefit of the debenture holders.

Debenture stock () The debt or series of debts, collectively, represented by a series of debentures; a debt secured by a trust deed of property for the benefit of the holders of shares in the debt or of a series of debentures. By the terms of much debenture stock the holders are not entitled to demand payment until the winding up of the company or default in payment; in the winding up of the company or default in payment; in the case of railway debentures, they cannot demand payment of the principal, and the debtor company cannot redeem the stock, except by authority of an act of Parliament.

Debouch (v. i.) To issue; -- said of a stream passing from a gorge out into an open valley or a plain.

Decadent (n.) One that is decadent, or deteriorating; esp., one characterized by, or exhibiting, the qualities of those who are degenerating to a lower type; -- specif. applied to a certain school of modern French writers.

Decathlon (n.) In the modern Olympic Games, a composite contest consisting of a 100-meter run, a broad jump, putting the shot, a running high-jump, a 400-meter run, throwing the discus, a 100-meter hurdle race, pole vaulting, throwing the javelin, and a 1500-meter run.

Decembrist (n.) One of those who conspired for constitutional government against the Emperor Nicholas on his accession to the throne at the death of Alexander I., in December, 1825; -- called also Dekabrist.

Deciare (n.) A measure of area, the tenth part of an are; ten square meters.

Deck (n.) A main aeroplane surface, esp. of a biplane or multiplane.

Deckle edge () The rough, untrimmed edge of paper left by the deckle; also, a rough edge in imitation of this.

Deckle-edged (a.) Having a deckle edge; as, deckle-edged paper; a deckle-edged book.

Declassed (imp. & p. p.) of Declass

Declassing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Declass

Declass (v. t.) To remove from a class; to separate or degrade from one's class.

Decoherer (n.) A device for restoring a coherer to its normal condition after it has been affected by an electric wave, a process usually accomplished by some method of tapping or shaking, or by rotation of the coherer.

Decolletage (n.) The upper border or part of a decollete corsage.

Decollete (a.) Wearing a decollete gown.

Decoration Day () = Memorial Day.

Deculassement () Alt. of Deculassment

Deculassment () An accidental blowing off of, or other serious damage to, the breechblock of a gun; also, a removal of the breechblock for the purpose of disabling the gun.

Deerstalker (n.) A close-fitting hat, with a low crown, such as is worn in deerstalking; also, any stiff, round hat.

Defective (n.) Anything that is defective or lacking in some respect.

Defective (n.) One who is lacking physically or mentally.

Degage (a.) Unconstrained; easy; free.

Degerm (v. t.) To extract the germs from, as from wheat grains.

Degerminator (n.) A machine for breaking open the kernels of wheat or other grain and removing the germs.

Deglaze (v. t.) To remove the glaze from, as pottery or porcelain, so as to give a dull finish.

Degras (n.) Alt. of Degras

Degras (n.) A semisolid emulsion produced by the treatment of certain skins with oxidized fish oil, which extracts their soluble albuminoids. It was formerly solely a by-product of chamois leather manufacture, but is now made for its own sake, being valuable as a dressing for hides.

Degrease (v. t.) To remove grease or fatty matter from, as wool or silk.

Degummed (imp. & p. p.) of Degum

Degumming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Degum

Degum (v. t.) To deprive of, or free from, gum; as, to degum ramie.

Dekabrist (n.) A Decembrist.

Delicatessen (n. pl.) Relishes for the table; dainties; delicacies.

Delignated (imp. & p. p.) of Delignate

Delignating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Delignate

Delignate (v. t.) To clear or strip of wood (by cutting down trees).

Delignate (v. t.) To strip or remove the wood from; as, to delignate ramie, in the preparation of ribbons of the fiber for further working.

Delsarte () Alt. of Delsarte system

Delsarte system () A system of calisthenics patterned on the theories of Fran/ois Delsarte (1811 -- 71), a French teacher of dramatic and musical expression.

Delta (n.) The fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (/ /), answering to D.

Delta (n.) an object having the shape of the capital /.

Delta (n.) The closed figure produced by connecting three coils or circuits successively, end for end, esp. in a three-phase system; -- often used attributively, as delta winding, delta connection (which see), etc.

Delta connection () One of the usual forms or methods for connecting apparatus to a three-phase circuit, the three corners of the delta or triangle, as diagrammatically represented, being connected to the three wires of the supply circuit.

Delta current () The current flowing through a delta connection.

Demit (v. i.) To lay down or relinquish an office, membership, authority, or the like; to resign, as from a Masonic lodge; -- generally used with an implication that the act is voluntary.

Demit (n.) The act of demitting; also, a letter, certificate, or the like, certifying that a person has (honorably) demitted, as from a Masonic lodge.

Demi-tasse (n.) A small cup for, or of, black coffee.

Democrat (n.) A large light uncovered wagon with two or more seats.

Demoted (imp. & p. p.) of Demote

Demoting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Demote

Demote (v. t.) To reduce to a lower grade, as in school.

Demotics (n.) The department of knowledge relative to the care and culture of the people; sociology in its broadest sense; -- in library cataloguing.

Demountable () Capable of being dismounted; -- said of a form of rim, for an automobile wheel, which can be removed with its tire from the wheel.

Denature (v. t.) To deprive of its natural qualities; change the nature of.

Department store () A store keeping a great variety of goods which are arranged in several departments, esp. one with dry goods as the principal stock.

Dephase (v. t.) To put out of phase, as two parts of a single alternating current.

Depth (n.) The perpendicular distance from the chord to the farthest point of an arched surface.

Dequeen (v. t.) To remove the queen from (a hive of bees).

Derecho (n.) A straight wind without apparent cyclonic tendency, usually accompanied with rain and often destructive, common in the prairie regions of the United States.

De rigueur () According to strictness (of etiquette, rule, or the like); obligatory; strictly required.

Derivation (n.) The formation of a word from its more original or radical elements; also, a statement of the origin and history of a word.

Derrick (n.) The pyramidal structure or tower over a deep drill hole, such as that of an oil well.

Dervish (n.) One of the fanatical followers of the Mahdi, in the Sudan.

Desiccator (n.) One that desiccates

Desiccator (n.) A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and containing some desiccating agent, as calcium chloride, above which is placed the material to be dried or preserved from moisture.

Desiccator (n.) A machine or apparatus for drying fruit, milk, etc., usually by the aid of heat; an evaporator.

Destroyer (n.) = Torpedo-boat destroyer.

Destructor (n.) A furnace or oven for the burning or carbonizing of refuse

Destructor (n.) a furnace (called in full refuse destructor) in which the more solid constituents of sewage are burnt. Destructors are often so constructed as to utilize refuse as fuel.

Detail (n.) A minor part, as, in a building, the cornice, caps of the buttresses, capitals of the columns, etc., or (called larger details) a porch, a gable with its windows, a pavilion, or an attached tower.

Detail (n.) A detail drawing.

Detector (n.) An indicator showing the depth of the water in a boiler.

Detector (n.) A galvanometer, usually portable, for indicating the direction of a current.

Detector (n.) Any of various devices for detecting the presence of electric waves.

Detector bar () A bar, connected with a switch, longer than the distance between any two consecutive wheels of a train (45 to 50 feet), laid inside a rail and operated by the wheels so that the switch cannot be thrown until all the train is past the switch.

Detonator (n.) One that detonates

Detonator (n.) An explosive whose action is practically instantaneous.

Detonator (n.) Something used to detonate a charge, as a detonating fuse.

Detonator (n.) A case containing detonating powder, the explosion of which serves as a signal, as on railroads.

Detonator (n.) A gun fired by a percussion cap.

Developer (n.) One that develops

Developer (n.) A chemical bath or reagent used in developing photographs.

Developer (n.) A reagent used to produce an ingrain color by its action upon some substance on the fiber.

Dewar vessel () A double-walled glass vessel for holding liquid air, etc., having the space between the walls exhausted so as to prevent conduction of heat, and sometimes having the glass silvered to prevent absorption of radiant heat; -- called also, according to the particular shape, Dewar bulb, Dewar tube, etc.

Dexter (n.) One of a breed of small hardy cattle originating from the Kerry breed of Ireland, valuable both for beef and milk. They are usually chiefly black, sometimes red, and somewhat resemble a small shorthorn in build. Called also Dexter Kerry.

Diabolo (n.) An old game or sport (revived under this name) consisting in whirling on a string, fastened to two sticks, a small somewhat spool-shaped object (called the diabolo) so as to balance it on a string, toss it in the air and catch it, etc.

Diamond anniversary () Alt. of jubilee

jubilee () One celebrated upon the completion of sixty, or, according to some, seventy-five, years from the beginning of the thing commemorated.

Diamond State () Delaware; -- a nickname alluding to its small size.

Diaspora (n.) Lit., "Dispersion." -- applied collectively: (a) To those Jews who, after the Exile, were scattered through the Old World, and afterwards to Jewish Christians living among heathen. Cf. James i. 1. (b) By extension, to Christians isolated from their own communion, as among the Moravians to those living, usually as missionaries, outside of the parent congregation.

Dickey () A hat; esp., in U. S., a stiff hat or derby; in Eng., a straw hat.

Dickey () One of various animals

Dickey () A donkey.

Dickey () Any small bird; -- called also dickey bird.

Dickey () The hedge sparrow.

Dickey () The haddock.

Dickey () A seat for the driver; -- called also dickey box.

Dickey () A seat at the back for servants.

Dictagraph () Var. of Dictograph.

Dictaphone (n.) A form of phonographic recorder and reproducer adapted for use in dictation, as in business.

Dictograph (n.) A telephonic instrument for office or other similar use, having a sound-magnifying device enabling the ordinary mouthpiece to be dispensed with. Much use has been made of it for overhearing, or for recording, conversations for the purpose of obtaining evidence for use in litigation.

Diesel engine () Alt. of motor

motor () A type of internal-combustion engine in which the air drawn in by the suction stroke is so highly compressed that the heat generated ignites the fuel (usually crude oil), the fuel being automatically sprayed into the cylinder under pressure. The Diesel engine has a very high thermal efficiency.

Diet (n.) Any of various national or local assemblies;

Diet (n.) Occasionally, the Reichstag of the German Empire, Reichsrath of the Austrian Empire, the federal legislature of Switzerland, etc.

Diet (n.) The legislature of Denmark, Sweden, Japan, or Hungary.

Diet (n.) The state assembly or any of various local assemblies in the states of the German Empire, as the legislature (Landtag) of the kingdom of Prussia, and the Diet of the Circle (Kreistag) in its local government.

Diet (n.) The local legislature (Landtag) of an Austrian province.

Diet (n.) The federative assembly of the old Germanic Confederation (1815 -- 66).

Diet (n.) In the old German or Holy Roman Empire, the great formal assembly of counselors (the Imperial Diet or Reichstag) or a small, local, or informal assembly of a similar kind (the Court Diet, or Hoftag).

Dig (v. i.) To work hard or drudge;

Dig (v. i.) To study ploddingly and laboriously.

Dig (v. i.) Of a tool: To cut deeply into the work because ill set, held at a wrong angle, or the like, as when a lathe tool is set too low and so sprung into the work.

Dig (n.) A tool for digging.

Dig (n.) An act of digging.

Dig (n.) An amount to be dug.

Dig (n.) = Gouge.

Dihedral (a.) Of a kite or an aeroplane, having wings that make with one another a dihedral angle, esp. when the angle between the upper sides is less than 180¡.

Dihedral (a.) Of wing pairs, inclined at an upward angle to each other.

Dingdong theory () The theory which maintains that the primitive elements of language are reflex expressions induced by sensory impressions; that is, as stated by Max Muller, the creative faculty gave to each general conception as it thrilled for the first time through the brain a phonetic expression; -- jocosely so called from the analogy of the sound of a bell induced by the stroke of the clapper.

Dionysia (n. pl.) Any of the festivals held in honor of the Olympian god Dionysus. They correspond to the Roman Bacchanalia; the greater Dionysia were held at Athens in March or April, and were celebrated with elaborate performances of both tragedies and comedies.

Dionysiac (a.) Of or pertaining to Dionysus or to the Dionysia; Bacchic; as, a Dionysiac festival; the Dionysiac theater at Athens.

Dip (n.) A gymnastic exercise on the parallel bars in which the performer, resting on his hands, lets his arms bend and his body sink until his chin is level with the bars, and then raises himself by straightening his arms.

Dip (n.) In the turpentine industry, the viscid exudation, which is dipped out from incisions in the trees; as, virgin dip (the runnings of the first year), yellow dip (the runnings of subsequent years).

Dip (n.) A sudden drop followed by a climb, usually to avoid obstacles or as the result of getting into an airhole.

Diplex (a.) Pertaining to the sending of two messages in the same direction at the same time. Diplex and contraplex are the two varieties of duplex.

Diplograph (n.) An instrument used for double writing, as one for producing embossed writing for the blind and ordinary writing at the same time.

Dipsey (a.) Alt. of Dipsy

Dipsie (a.) Alt. of Dipsy

Dipsy (a.) Deep-sea; as, a dipsey line; a dipsy lead.

Dipsey (n.) Alt. of Dipsy

Dipsie (n.) Alt. of Dipsy

Dipsy (n.) A sinker attached to a fishing line; also, a line having several branches, each with such a sinker, used in deep-sea fishing.

Dipsy (n.) A deep-sea lead.

Direct (a.) Pertaining to, or effected immediately by, action of the people through their votes instead of through one or more representatives or delegates; as, direct nomination, direct legislation.

Direct action () See Syndicalism, below.

Direct-coupled (a.) Coupled without intermediate connections, as an engine and a dynamo.

Direct current () A current flowing in one direction only; -- distinguished from alternating current. When steady and not pulsating a direct current is often called a continuous current.

Direct current () A direct induced current, or momentary current of the same direction as the inducing current, produced by stopping or removing the latter; also, a similar current produced by removal of a magnet.

Direct nomination () The nomination or designation of candidates for public office by direct popular vote rather than through the action of a convention or body of elected nominating representatives or delegates. The term is applied both to the nomination of candidates without any nominating convention, and, loosely, to the nomination effected, as in the case of candidates for president or senator of the United States, by the election of nominating representatives pledged or instructed to vote for certain candidates dssignated by popular vote.

Directoire style () A style of dress prevalent at the time of the French Directory, characterized by great extravagance of design and imitating the Greek and Roman costumes.

Direct primary () A primary by which direct nominations of candidates for office are made.

Disappearing () p. pr. & vb. n. of Disappear.

Discharge (v. t.) To bleach out or to remove or efface, as by a chemical process; as, to discharge the color from a dyed fabric in order to form light figures on a dark ground.

Discharge (n.) The equalization of a difference of electric potential between two points. The character of the discharge is mostly determined by the nature of the medium through which it takes place, the amount of the difference of potential, and the form of the terminal conductors on which the difference exists. The discharge may be alternating, continuous, brush, connective, disruptive, glow, oscillatory, stratified, etc.

Discovery Day () = Columbus Day, above.

Disk clutch () A friction clutch in which the gripping surfaces are disks or more or less resemble disks.

Distributor (n.) One that distributes; a distributer;

Distributor (n.) A machine for distributing type.

Distributor (n.) An appliance, as a roller, in a printing press, for distributing ink.

Distributor (n.) An apparatus for distributing an electric current, either to various points in rotation, as in some motors, or along two or more lines in parallel, as in a distributing system.

Dive (pl. ) of Diva

Diva (n.) A prima donna.

Divinity calf () Calf stained dark brown and worked without gilding, often used for theological books.

Do (v. t.) To perform work upon, about, for, or at, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, or the like.

Do (v. t.) To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.

Dobby (n.) An apparatus resembling a Jacquard for weaving small figures (usually about 12 - 16 threads, seldom more than 36 - 40 threads).

Dobell's solution () An aqueous solution of carbolic acid, borax, sodium bicarbonate, and glycerin, used as a spray in diseases of the nose and throat.

Doe, John () The fictitious lessee acting as plaintiff in the common-law action of ejectment, the fictitious defendant being usually denominated Richard Roe. Hence, a fictitious name for a party, real or fictitious, to any action or proceeding.

Doffer (n.) A revolving cylinder, or a vibrating bar, with teeth, in a carding machine, which doffs, or strips off, the fiber from the cards.

Doffer (n.) A worker who replaces full bobbins by empty ones on the throstle or ring frames.

Dolerite (n.) A dark, crystalline, igneous rock, chiefly pyroxene with labradorite.

Dolerite (n.) Coarse-grained basalt.

Dolerite (n.) Diabase.

Dolerite (n.) Any dark, igneous rock composed chiefly of silicates of iron and magnesium with some feldspar.

Dolmans (pl. ) of Dolman

Dolman (n.) A woman's cloak with capelike pieces instead of sleeves.

Dolman (n.) The uniform jacket of many European hussar regiments, worn like a cloak, fastened with a cord or chain, and with sleeves hanging loose.

Domine (n.) A clergyman.

Dominion Day () In Canada, a legal holiday, July lst, being the anniversary of the proclamation of the formation of the Dominion in 1867.

Domino whist () A game of cards in which the suits are played in sequence, beginning with a 5 or 9, the player who gets rid of his cards first being the winner.

Dongola (n.) A government of Upper Egypt.

Dongola (n.) Dongola kid.

Donnee (n.) Lit., given; hence, in a literary work, as a drama or tale, that which is assumed as to characters, situation, etc., as a basis for the plot or story.

Dope (n.) Any thick liquid or pasty preparation, as of opium for medicinal purposes, of grease for a lubricant, etc.

Dope (n.) Any preparation, as of opium, used to stupefy or, in the case of a race horse, to stimulate.

Dope (n.) An absorbent material; esp., in high explosives, the sawdust, infusorial earth, mica, etc., mixed with nitroglycerin to make a damp powder (dynamite, etc.) less dangerous to transport, and ordinarily explosive only by suitable fulminating caps.

Dope (n.) Information concerning the previous performances of race horses, or other facts concerning them which may be of assistance in judging of their chances of winning future races; sometimes, similar information concerning other sports.

Dope (v. t.) To treat or affect with dope; as, to dope nitroglycerin;

Dope (v. t.) To give stupefying drugs to; to drug.

Dope (v. t.) To administer a stimulant to (a horse) to increase his speed. It is a serious offense against the laws of racing.

Dope (v. t.) To judge or guess; to predict the result of, as by the aid of dope.

Dope-book (n.) A chart of previous performances, etc., of race horses.

Dopey (a.) Affected by "dope"; esp., sluggish or dull as though under the influence of a narcotic.

Doppelganger (n.) A spiritual or ghostly double or counterpart; esp., an apparitional double of a living person; a cowalker.

Dormy (a.) Up, or ahead, as many holes as remain to be played; -- said of a player or side.

Dos-a-dos (adv.) Back to back; as, to sit dos-a-dos in a dogcart; to dance dos-a-dos, or so that two dancers move forward and pass back to back.

Dos-a-dos (n.) A sofa, open carriage, or the like, so constructed that the occupants sit back to back.

Dosage (v.) The administration of medicine in doses; specif., a scheme or system of grading doses of medicine according to age, etc.

Dosage (v.) The process of adding some ingredient, as to wine, to give flavor, character, or strength.

Dosimetry (n.) Measurement of doses; specif., a system of therapeutics which uses but few remedies, mostly alkaloids, and gives them in doses fixed by certain rules.

Doss (n.) A place to sleep in; a bed; hence, sleep.

Doss house () A cheap lodging house.

Dossier (n.) A bundle containing the papers in reference to some matter.

Dotty (a.) Composed of, or characterized by, dots.

Dotty (a.) Unsteady in gait; hence, feeble; half-witted.

Double (n.) A person or thing that is the counterpart of another; a duplicate; copy; (Obs.) transcript; -- now chiefly used of persons. Hence, a wraith.

Double-decker (n.) A tenement house having two families on each floor.

Double-decker (n.) A biplane aeroplane or kite.

Doubleganger (n.) An apparition or double of a living person; a doppelganger.

Double pedro () Cinch (the game).

Doubler (n.) A part of a distilling apparatus for intercepting the heavier fractions and returning them to be redistilled.

Doubler (n.) A blanket or felt placed between the fabric and the printing table or cylinder.

Double-surfaced (a.) Having two surfaces; -- said specif. of aeroplane wings or aerocurves which are covered on both sides with fabric, etc., thus completely inclosing their frames.

Doublure (n.) The lining of a book cover, esp. one of unusual sort, as of tooled leather, painted vellum, rich brocade, or the like.

Doublure (n.) The reflexed margin of the trilobite carapace.

Downcomer (n.) A pipe to conduct something downwards;

Downcomer (n.) A pipe for leading the hot gases from the top of a blast furnace downward to the regenerators, boilers, etc.

Downcomer (n.) In some water-tube boilers, a tube larger in diameter than the water tubes to conduct the water from each top drum to a bottom drum, thus completing the circulation.

Down-wind (adv.) With the wind.

Doyen (n.) Lit., a dean; the senior member of a body or group; as, the doyen of French physicians.

Drag line () Alt. of rope

rope () A guide rope.

Draw (v. t.) To play (a short-length ball directed at the leg stump) with an inclined bat so as to deflect the ball between the legs and the wicket.

Draw (v. t.) To hit (the ball) with the toe of the club so that it is deflected toward the left.

Draw (v. t.) To strike (the cue ball) below the center so as to give it a backward rotation which causes it to take a backward direction on striking another ball.

Draw (v. t.) To throw up (the stone) gently.

Draw (v. t.) To leave (a contest) undecided; as, the battle or game was drawn.

Draw (n.) The result of drawing, or state of being drawn;

Draw (n.) A drawn battle, game, or the like.

Draw (n.) The spin or twist imparted to a ball, or the like, by a drawing stroke.

Draw (n.) That which is drawn or is subject to drawing.

Dreadnought (n.) A British battleship, completed in 1906 -- 1907, having an armament consisting of ten 12-inch guns, and of twenty-four 12-pound quick-fire guns for protection against torpedo boats. This was the first battleship of the type characterized by a main armament of big guns all of the same caliber. She has a displacement of 17,900 tons at load draft, and a speed of 21 knots per hour.

Dreadnought (n.) Any battleship having its main armament entirely of big guns all of one caliber. Since the Dreadnought was built, the caliber of the heaviest guns has increased from 12 in. to 13/ in., 14 in., and 15 in., and the displacement of the largest batteships from 18,000 tons to 30,000 tons and upwards. The term superdreadnought is popularly applied to battleships with such increased displacement and gun caliber.

Dreibund (n.) A triple alliance; specif., the alliance of Germany, Austria, and Italy, formed in 1882.

Dress circle () A gallery or circle in a theater, generally the first above the floor, in which originally dress clothes were customarily worn.

Dresser (v. t.) A piece of chamber furniture consisting of a chest of drawers, or bureau, with a mirror.

Dribble (v. t.) In various games, to propel (the ball) by successive slight hits or kicks so as to keep it always in control.

Dribble (v. i.) In football and similar games, to dribble the ball.

Dribble (v. i.) To live or pass one's time in a trivial fashion.

Dribble (n.) An act of dribbling a ball.

Drift (n.) One of the slower movements of oceanic circulation; a general tendency of the water, subject to occasional or frequent diversion or reversal by the wind; as, the easterly drift of the North Pacific.

Drift (n.) The horizontal component of the pressure of the air on the sustaining surfaces of a flying machine. The lift is the corresponding vertical component, which sustains the machine in the air.

Drive (v. i.) To make a drive, or stroke from the tee.

Drive (v. t.) Specif., in various games, as tennis, baseball, etc., to propel (the ball) swiftly by a direct stroke or forcible throw.

Drive (n.) In various games, as tennis, cricket, etc., the act of player who drives the ball; the stroke or blow; the flight of the ball, etc., so driven.

Drive (n.) A stroke from the tee, generally a full shot made with a driver; also, the distance covered by such a stroke.

Drive (n.) An implement used for driving;

Drive (n.) A mallet.

Drive (n.) A tamping iron.

Drive (n.) A cooper's hammer for driving on barrel hoops.

Drive (n.) A wooden-headed golf club with a long shaft, for playing the longest strokes.

Drome (n.) Short for A/rodrome.

Droved (imp. & p. p.) of Drove

Droving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Drove

Drove (n.) To drive, as cattle or sheep, esp. on long journeys; to follow the occupation of a drover.

Drove (n.) To finish, as stone, with a drove or drove chisel.

Drum winding () A method of armature winding in which the wire is wound upon the outer surface of a cylinder or drum from end to end of the cylinder; -- distinguished from ring winding, etc.

Duchesse lace () A beautiful variety of Brussels pillow lace made originally in Belgium and resembling Honiton guipure. It is worked with fine thread in large sprays, usually of the primrose pattern, with much raised work.

Duffed (imp. & p. p.) of Duff

Duffing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Duff

Duff (v. t.) To treat or manipulate so as to give a specious appearance to; to fake; hence, to cheat.

Duff (v. t.) In Australia, to alter the brands on (cattle, horses, etc.); to steal (cattle, etc.), and alter their brands.

Duffel (n.) Outfit or suppplies, collectively; kit.

Duffel bag () A sack to hold miscellaneous articles, as tools, supplies, or the like.

Duffer (n.) See Shicer.

Duffer (n.) Any common domestic pigeon.

Duffer (n.) One who duffs cattle, etc.

Dukhobors (n. pl.) Alt. of Dukhobortsy

Dukhobortsy (n. pl.) A Russian religious sect founded about the middle of the 18th century at Kharkov. They believe that Christ was wholly human, but that his soul reappears from time to time in mortals. They accept the Ten Commandments and the "useful" portions of the Bible, but deny the need of rulers, priests, or churches, and have no confessions, icons, or marriage ceremonies. They are communistic, opposed to any violence, and unwilling to use the labor of animals. Driven out of Russia proper, many have emigrated to Cyprus and Canada. See Raskolnik, below.

Dumdum bullet () A kind of manstopping bullet; -- so named from Dumdum, in India, where bullets are manufactured for the Indian army.

Dumpy level () A level having a short telescope (hence its name) rigidly fixed to a table capable only of rotatory movement in a horizontal plane. The telescope is usually an inverting one. It is sometimes called the Troughton level, from the name of the inventor, and a variety improved by one Gavatt is known as the Gavatt level.

Duograph (n.) A picture printed from two half-tone plates made with the screen set at different angles, and usually printed in two shades of the same color or in black and one tint.

Duotone (n.) Any picture printed in two shades of the same color, as duotypes and duographs are usually printed.

Duotype (n.) A print made from two half-tone plates made from the same negative, but etched differently.

Duplex (a.) To arrange, as a telegraph line, so that two messages may be transmitted simultaneously; to equip with a duplex telegraphic outfit.

Dysprosium (n.) An element of the rare earth-group. Symbol Dy; at. wt., 162.5.

Ear-minded (a.) Thinking chiefly or most readily through, or in terms related to, the sense of hearing; specif., thinking words as spoken, as a result of familiarity with speech or of mental peculiarity; -- opposed to eye-minded.

Earth (n.) The connection of any part an electric conductor with the ground; specif., the connection of a telegraph line with the ground through a fault or otherwise.

Earthlight (n.) The sunlight reflected from the earth to the moon, by which we see faintly, when the moon is near the sun (either before or after new moon), that part of the moon's disk unillumined by direct sunlight, or "the old moon in the arms of the new."

East (a.) Designating, or situated in, that part of a church which contains the choir or chancel; as, the east front of a cathedral.

Easter lily () Any one of various lilies or lilylike flowers which bloom about Easter;

Easter lily () The common white lily (Lilium candidum), called also Annunciation lily.

Easter lily () The larger white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn. L. Harrisii) called also Bermuda lily.

Easter lily () The daffodil (Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus).

Easter lily () The Atamasco lily.

Eastern Church () That portion of the Christian church which prevails in the countries once comprised in the Eastern Roman Empire and the countries converted to Christianity by missionaries from them. Its full official title is The Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern Church. It became estranged from the Western, or Roman, Church over the question of papal supremacy and the doctrine of the filioque, and a separation, begun in the latter part of the 9th century, became final in 1054. The Eastern Church consists of twelve (thirteen if the Bulgarian Church be included) mutually independent churches (including among these the Hellenic Church, or Church of Greece, and the Russian Church), using the vernacular (or some ancient form of it) in divine service and varying in many points of detail, but standing in full communion with each other and united as equals in a great federation. The highest five authorities are the patriarch of Constantinople, or ecumenical patriarch (whose position is not one of supremacy, but of precedence), the patriarch of Alexandria, the patriarch of Jerusalem, the patriarch of Antioch, and the Holy Synod of Russia. The Eastern Church accepts the first seven ecumenical councils (and is hence styled only schismatic, not heretical, by the Roman Catholic Church), has as its creed the Niceno-Constantinopolitan (without the later addition of the filioque, which, with the doctrine it represents, the church decisively rejects), baptizes infants with trine immersion, makes confirmation follow immediately upon baptism, administers the Communion in both kinds (using leavened bread) and to infants as well as adults, permits its secular clergy to marry before ordination and to keep their wives afterward, but not to marry a second time, selects its bishops from the monastic clergy only, recognizes the offices of bishop, priest, and deacon as the three necessary degrees of orders, venerates relics and icons, and has an elaborate ritual.

Eau forte () An etching or a print from an etched plate.

Ecarte (n.) A game at cards for two persons, with 32 cards, ranking K, Q, J, A, 10, 9, 8, 7. Five cards are dealt each player, and the 11th turned as trump. Five points constitute a game.

Echoes (pl. ) of Echo

Echo (n.) A signal, played in the same manner as a trump signal, made by a player who holds four or more trumps (or as played by some exactly three trumps) and whose partner has led trumps or signaled for trumps.

Echo (n.) A signal showing the number held of a plain suit when a high card in that suit is led by one's partner.

Echopathy (n.) A morbid condition characterized by automatic and purposeless repetition of words or imitation of actions.

Edam () Alt. of Edam cheese

Edam cheese () A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson outside; -- so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also, cheese of the same type, wherever made.

Eddy current () An induced electric current circulating wholly within a mass of metal; -- called also Foucault current.

Eddy kite () A quadrilateral, tailless kite, with convex surfaces exposed to the wind. This kite was extensively used by Eddy in his famous meteorological experiments. It is now generally superseded by the box kite.

Effective (n.) The serviceable soldiers in a country; an army or any military body, collectively; as, France's effective.

Effendi (n.) Master; sir; -- a Turkish title of respect, applied esp. to a state official or man of learning, as one learned in the law, but often simply as the courtesy title of a gentleman.

Eikonogen (n.) The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol, C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.

Eject (v. t.) An object that is a conscious or living object, and hence not a direct object, but an inferred object or act of a subject, not myself; -- a term invented by W. K. Clifford.

Ejecta (n. pl.) Matter ejected; material thrown out; as, the ejecta of a volcano; the ejecta, or excreta, of the body.

Ejector (n.) That part of the mechanism of a breech-loading firearm which ejects the empty shell.

Elderberry (n.) The berrylike drupe of the elder. That of the Old World elder (Sambucus nigra) and that of the American sweet elder (S. Canadensis) are sweetish acid, and are eaten as a berry or made into wine.

Electrified (imp. & p. p.) of Electrify

Electrifying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Electrify

Electrify (v. t.) To equip for employment of electric power; as, to electrify a railroad.

Electrograph (n.) An apparatus, controlled by electric devices, used to trace designs for etching.

Electrograph (n.) An instrument for the reproduction at a distance of pictures, maps, etc., by means of electricity.

Electrograph (n.) An image made by the Rontgen rays; a sciagraph.

Electrograph (n.) A cinematograph using the arc light.

Electrographic (a.) Of or pertaining to an electrograph or electrography.

Electrography (n.) The art or process of making electrographs or using an electrograph.

Electrography (n.) = Galvanography.

Electrolyze (v. t.) To subject to electrolysis.

Electron () One of those particles, having about one thousandth the mass of a hydrogen atom, which are projected from the cathode of a vacuum tube as the cathode rays and from radioactive substances as the beta rays; -- called also corpuscle. The electron carries (or is) a natural unit of negative electricity, equal to 3.4 x 10-10 electrostatic units. It has been detected only when in rapid motion; its mass, which is electromagnetic, is practically constant at the lesser speeds, but increases as the velocity approaches that of light. Electrons are all of one kind, so far as known, and probably are the ultimate constituents of all atoms. An atom from which an electron has been detached has a positive charge and is called a coelectron.

Electronic (a.) Of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.

Electropoion () Alt. of Electropoion fluid

Electropoion fluid () An exciting and depolarizing acid solution used in certain cells or batteries, as the Grenet battery. Electropoion is best prepared by mixing one gallon of concentrated sulphuric acid diluted with three gallons of water, with a solution of six pounds of potassium bichromate in two gallons of boiling water. It should be used cold.

Eleme () Alt. of Elemi, figs

Elemi, figs () A kind of figs of superior quality.

Elevator (n.) A movable plane or group of planes used to control the altitude or fore-and-aft poise or inclination of an airship or flying machine.

Elite (n.) See Army organization, Switzerland.

E. M. F. () An abbreviation for electro-motive force.

Emissivity (n.) Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or rate at which emission takes place;

Emissivity (n.) the rate of emission of heat from a bounding surface per degree of temperature difference between the surface and surrounding substances (called by Fourier external conductivity).

Empire State () New York; -- a nickname alluding to its size and wealth.

Empire State of the South () Georgia; -- a nickname.

Empire State of the West () Missouri; -- a nickname.

Emplaced (imp. & p. p.) of Emplace

Emplacing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Emplace

Emplace (v. & n.) To put into place or position; to fix on an emplacement.

Emplacement (n.) A putting in, or assigning to, a definite place; localization; as, the emplacement of a structure.

Empressement (n.) Demonstrative warmth or cordiality of manner; display of enthusiasm.

Enamel (n.) Any one of various preparations for giving a smooth, glossy surface like that of enamel.

Enamel (n.) A cosmetic intended to give the appearance of a smooth and beautiful complexion.

En bloc (n.) In a lump; as a whole; all together.

Encaenia (n. pl.) = Encenia.

Endemic (a.) Belonging or native to a particular people or country; native as distinguished from introduced or naturalized; hence, regularly or ordinarily occurring in a given region; local; as, a plant endemic in Australia; -- often distinguished from exotic.

Endothermic (a.) Designating, or pert. to, a reaction which occurs with absorption of heat; formed by such a reaction; as, an endothermic substance; -- opposed to exothermic.

Enfaced (imp. & p. p.) of Enface

Enfacing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Enface

Enface (v. t.) To write or print on the face of (a draft, bill, etc.); as, to enface drafts with memoranda.

Enface (v. t.) To write or print (a memorandum, direction, or the like) on the face of a draft, bill, etc.; as, to enface the words "Payable in Calcutta" upon the face of a draft.

Enfleurage (n.) A process of extracting perfumes by exposing absorbents, as fixed oils or fats, to the exhalations of the flowers. It is used for plants whose volatile oils are too delicate to be separated by distillation.

Engineer Corps () In the United States army, the Corps of Engineers, a corps of officers and enlisted men consisting of one band and three battalions of engineers commanded by a brigadier general, whose title is Chief of Engineers. It has charge of the construction of fortifications for land and seacoast defense, the improvement of rivers and harbors, the construction of lighthouses, etc., and, in time of war, supervises the engineering operations of the armies in the field.

Corps of Engineers () In the United States navy, a corps made up of the engineers, which was amalgamated with the line by act of March 3, 1899. It consisted of assistant and passed assistant engineers, ranking with ensigns and lieutenants, chief engineers, ranking from lieutenant to captain, and engineer in chief, ranking with commodore and having charge of the Bureau of Steam Engineering.

Engine-type generator () A generator having its revolving part carried on the shaft of the driving engine.

Enlightenment (n.) = AufklArung.

En passant () In passing; in the course of any procedure;

En passant () of the taking of an adverse pawn which makes a first move of two squares by a pawn already so advanced as to threaten the first of these squares. The pawn which takes en passant is advanced to the threatened square.

En rapport () In accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, esp. a private, understanding; of a hypnotic subject, being in such a mental state as to be especially subject to the influence of a particular person or persons.

Ensiled (imp. & p. p.) of Ensile

Ensiling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ensile

Ensile (v. t.) To store (green fodder) in a silo; to prepare as silage.

Entanglement (n.) An extensive low obstacle formed of stakes, stumps, or the like, connected by wires, ropes, or the like.

Entanglement (n.) An obstruction of cables and spars across a river or harbor entrance.

Entering () Alt. of Entrant, edge

Entrant, edge () = Advancing edge.

Entire-wheat (a.) Designating, made of, or relating to, flour including a considerable part of the bran.

Entourage (n.) Surroundings; specif., collectively, one's attendants or associates.

Epworth League () A religious organization of Methodist young people, founded in 1889 at Cleveland, Ohio, and taking its name from John Wesley's birthplace, Epworth, Lincolnshire, England.

Equalizer (n.) = Equalizing bar.

Equalizer (n.) A device, as a bar, for operating two brakes, esp. a pair of hub brakes for an automobile, with equal force.

Equalizer (n.) Any device for equalizing the pull of electromagnets; also, a conductor of low resistance joining the armature ends of the series field coils of dynamos connected in parallel.

Equalizer (n.) A sliding panel to preserve the lateral stability of an aeroplane.

Erasure (n.) An instance of erasing; also, the place where something has been erased.

Erbium (n.) A metallic element of the rare earth group, found in gadolinite and some other minerals. Symbol, Er; at. wt. 167.4. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra.

Ergal (n.) Potential energy; negative value of the force function.

Ergmeter (n.) An instrument for measuring energy in ergs.

Ergograph (n.) An instrument for measuring and recording the work done by a single muscle or set of muscles, the rate of fatigue, etc.

Ergometer (n.) A device for measuring, or an instrument for indicating, energy expended or work done; a dynamometer.

Ergon (n.) Work, measured in terms of the quantity of heat to which it is equivalent.

Ergon (n.) = Erg.

Erode (v. t.) To wear away; as, streams and glaciers erode the land.

Erode (v. t.) To produce by erosion, or wearing away; as, glaciers erode U-shaped valleys.

Erosion (n.) The wearing away of the earth's surface by any natural process. The chief agent of erosion is running water; minor agents are glaciers, the wind, and waves breaking against the coast.

Erupt (v. i.) To eject something, esp. lava, water, etc., as a volcano or geyser.

Erupt (v. i.) To burst forth; to break out, as ashes from a volcano, teeth through the gums, etc.

Escalator (n.) A stairway or incline arranged like an endless belt so that the steps or treads ascend or descend continuously, and one stepping upon it is carried up or down; -- a trade term.

Escape (n.) A plant which has escaped from cultivation.

Esoteric (a.) Marked by secrecy or privacy; private; select; confidential; as, an esoteric purpose; an esoteric meeting.

Esoteric (n.) An esoteric doctrine or treatise; esoteric philosophy; esoterics.

Esoteric (n.) One who believes, or is an initiate, in esoteric doctrines or rites.

Esperanto (n.) An artificial language, intended to be universal, devised by Dr. Zamenhof, a Russian, who adopted the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto" in publishing his first pamphlet regarding it in 1887. The vocabulary is very largely based upon words common to the chief European languages, and sounds peculiar to any one language are eliminated. The spelling is phonetic, and the accent (stress) is always on the penult.

Established suit () A plain suit in which a player (or side) could, except for trumping, take tricks with all his remaining cards.

Estaminet (n.) A cafe, or room in a cafe, in which smoking is allowed.

Etamine (n.) A light textile fabric, like a fine bunting.

Etape (n.) A public storehouse.

Etape (n.) Supplies issued to troops on the march;

Etape (n.) the place where troops on the march halt over night; also, by extension, the distance marched during a day.

Etape (n.) In Russia, a prison or stockade for the confinement of prisoners in transit.

Ethos (n.) The character, sentiment, or disposition of a community or people, considered as a natural endowment; the spirit which actuates manners and customs; also, the characteristic tone or genius of an institution or social organization.

Ethos (n.) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character -- character as influenced by the ethos (sense 1) of a people -- rather than realistic or emotional situations or individual character in a narrow sense; -- opposed to pathos.

Ethylated (imp. & p. p.) of Ethylate

Ethylating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ethylate

Ethylate (v. t.) To treat in such a way as to cause the introduction of one or more ethyl groups, C2H5; as, to ethylate alcohol.

Eugenesis (n.) The quality or condition of having strong reproductive powers; generation with full fertility between different species or races, specif. between hybrids of the first generation.

Eurafric (a.) Alt. of Eurafrican

Eurafrican (a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the continents of Europe and Africa combined.

Eurafrican (a.) Pert. to or designating a region including most of Europe and northern Africa south to the Sahara.

Eurafrican (a.) Of European and African descent.

Europium (n.) A metallic element of the rare-earth group, discovered spectroscopically by Demarcay in 1896. Symbol, Eu; at. wt., 152.0.

Eutectic (a.) Of maximum fusibility; -- said of an alloy or mixture which has the lowest melting point which it is possible to obtain by the combination of the given components.

Eutexia (n.) The principle or process of forming from given components the eutectic alloy, or alloy of maximum fusibility.

Evaginate (a.) Protruded, or grown out, as an evagination; turned inside out; unsheathed; evaginated; as, an evaginate membrane.

Evaginated (imp. & p. p.) of Evaginate

Evaginating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Evaginate

Evaginate (v. i. & t.) To become evaginate; to cause to be evaginate.

Evagination (n.) An outgrowth or protruded part.

Evergreen State () Washington; -- a nickname alluding to the abundance of evergreen trees.

Exaltation (n.) An abnormal sense of personal well-being, power, or importance, -- a symptom observed in various forms of insanity.

Exchange editor () An editor who inspects, and culls from, periodicals, or exchanges, for his own publication.

Excite (v. t.) To energize (an electro-magnet); to produce a magnetic field in; as, to excite a dynamo.

Ex libris () An inscription, label, or the like, in a book indicating its ownership; esp., a bookplate.

Exmoor (n.) One of a breed of horned sheep of Devonshire, England, having white legs and face and black nostrils. They are esp. valuable for mutton.

Exmoor (n.) A breed of ponies native to the Exmoor district.

Exothermic (a.) Characterized by, or formed with, evolution of heat; as, an exothermic reaction; -- opposed to endothermic.

Experience table () A table of mortality computed from the experience of one or more life-insurance companies.

Express rifle () A sporting rifle for use at short ranges, employing a large charge of powder and a light (short) bullet, giving a high initial velocity and consequently a flat trajectory. It is usually of moderately large caliber.

Express train () Formerly, a railroad train run expressly for the occasion; a special train; now, a train run at express or special speed and making few stops.

Exserted (imp. & p. p.) of Exsert

Exserting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Exsert

Exsert (a.) To thrust out; to protrude; as, some worms are said to exsert the proboscis.

Externe (n.) An extern; esp;, a doctor or medical student who is in attendance upon, or is assisting at, a hospital, but who does not reside in it.

Extra (n.) Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary; esp., an added charge or fee, or something for which an additional charge is made.

Extra (n.) An edition of a newspaper issued at a time other than the regular one.

Extra (n.) A run, as from a bye, credited to the general score but not made from a hit.

Extra (n.) Something of an extra quality or grade.

Extractor (n.) A centrifugal drying machine.

Extractor (n.) A machine for clearing combs of honey; also, a device for rendering wax.

Extrajudicial (a.) Out of or beyond the power authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not valid as a part of a judicial proceeding; as, extrajudicial oaths, judgments, etc., are null and void.

Extrajudicial conveyance () A conveyance, as by deed, effected by the act of the parties and not involving, as in the fine and recovery, judicial proceedings.

Extravasate (v. t.) To pass by infiltration or effusion from the normal channel, such as a blood vessel or a lymphatic, into the surrounding tissue; -- said of blood, lymph, etc.

Extravasation (n.) The issue of lava and other volcanic products from the earth.

Extrude (v. t.) To shape or form by forcing metal heated to a semi-plastic condition through dies by the use of hydraulic power; as, extruded metal, extruded rods, extruded shapes.

Extrusive (a.) Forced out at the surface; as, extrusive rocks; -- contrasted with intrusive.

Exudate (n.) A product of exudation; an exuded substance.

Eye-minded (a.) Having one's mental imagery prevailingly of the visual type; having one's thoughts and memories mainly in the form of visual images.

Eye opener () That which makes the eyes open, as startling news or occurrence, or (U. S. Slang), a drink of liquor, esp. the first one in the morning.

Fabian (n.) A member of, or sympathizer with, the Fabian Society.

Fabian (a.) Of or pertaining to the Roman gens Fabia.

Fabian (a.) Designating, or pertaining to, a society of socialists, organized in England in 1884 to spread socialistic principles gradually without violent agitation.

Facultative (a.) Having relation to the grant or exercise faculty, or authority, privilege, license, or the like hence, optional; as, facultative enactments, or those which convey a faculty, or permission; the facultative referendum of Switzerland is one that is optional with the people and is necessary only when demanded by petition; facultative studies; -- opposed to obligatory and compulsory, and sometimes used with to.

Facultative (a.) Of such a character as to admit of existing under various forms or conditions, or of happening or not happening, or the like;

Facultative (a.) Having the power to live under different conditions; as, a facultative parasite, a plant which is normally saprophytic, but which may exist wholly or in part as a parasite; -- opposed to obligate.

Facultative (a.) Pertaining to a faculty or faculties.

Fadaise (n.) A vapid or meaningless remark; a commonplace; nonsense.

Faineance (n.) Alt. of Faineancy

Faineancy (n.) Do-nothingness; inactivity; indolence.

Faineant deity () A deity recognized as real but conceived as not acting in human affairs, hence not worshiped.

Fair catch () A catch made by a player on side who makes a prescribed signal that he will not attempt to advance the ball when caught. He must not then be interfered with.

Faker (n.) One who fakes something, as a thief, a peddler of petty things, a workman who dresses things up, etc.

Fakir (n.) See Faker.

Fan-tan (n.) A Chinese gambling game in which coins or other small objects are placed upon a table, usually under a cap, and the players bet as to what remainder will be left when the sum of the counters is divided by four.

Fan-tan (n.) A game with playing cards in which the cards are played in sequences upon the table, the one who first gets rid of his cards being the winner.

Fantigue (n.) Alt. of Fantique

Fantique (n.) State of worry or excitment; fidget; ill humor.

Fantod (n.) Alt. of Fantad

Fantad (n.) State of worry or excitement; fidget; fuss; also, indisposition; pet; sulks.

Faradized (imp. & p. p.) of Faradize

Faradizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Faradize

Faradize (v. t.) To stimulate with, or subject to, faradic, or inducted, electric currents.

Farandole (n.) A rapid dance in six-eight time in which a large number join hands and dance in various figures, sometimes moving from room to room. It originated in Provence.

Fascicle (n.) One of the divisions of a book published in parts; fasciculus.

Fascicule (n.) A small bunch or bundle; a fascicle; as, a fascicule of fibers, hairs, or spines.

Fast (a.) In such a condition, as to resilience, etc., as to make possible unusual rapidity of play or action; as, a fast racket, or tennis court; a fast track; a fast billiard table, etc.

Fault (n.) A defective point in an electric circuit due to a crossing of the parts of the conductor, or to contact with another conductor or the earth, or to a break in the circuit.

Fault (n.) A dislocation caused by a slipping of rock masses along a plane of facture; also, the dislocated structure resulting from such slipping.

Favier explosive () Any of several explosive mixtures, chiefly of ammonium nitrate and a nitrate derivative of naphthalene. They are stable, but require protection from moisture. As prepared it is a compressed cylinder of the explosive, filled with loose powder of the same composition, all inclosed in waterproof wrappers. It is used for mining.

Featherbone (n.) A substitute for whalebone, made from the quills of geese and turkeys.

Featherstitch (n.) A kind of embroidery stitch producing a branching zigzag line.

Feck (n.) Effect.

Feck (n.) Efficacy; force; value.

Feck (n.) Amount; quantity.

Fehm (n.) Alt. of Fehmgericht

Fehmgericht (n.) Same as Vehm, Vehmgericht.

Feng-hwang (n.) A pheasantlike bird of rich plumage and graceful form and movement, fabled to appear in the land on the accession of a sage to the throne, or when right principles are about to prevail. It is often represented on porcelains and other works of art.

Feng-shui (n.) A system of spirit influences for good and evil believed by the Chinese to attend the natural features of landscape; also, a kind of geomancy dealing with these influences, used in determining sites for graves, houses, etc.

Fermentation theory () The theory which likens the course of certain diseases (esp. infectious diseases) to the process of fermentation, and attributes them to the organized ferments in the body. It does not differ materially from the accepted germ theory (which see).

Fermeture (n.) The mechanism for closing the breech of a breech-loading firearm, in artillery consisting principally of the breechblock, obturator, and carrier ring.

Ferranti cables () Alt. of Ferranti mains

Ferranti mains () A form of conductor, designed by Ferranti, for currents of high potential, and consisting of concentric tubes of copper separated by an insulating material composed of paper saturated with black mineral wax.

Ferranti phenomenon () An increase in the ratio of transformation of an alternating current converter, accompanied by other changes in electrical conditions, occurring when the secondary of the converter is connected with a condenser of moderate capacity; -- so called because first observed in connection with the Ferranti cables in London.

Ferris wheel () An amusement device consisting of a giant power-driven steel wheel, revolvable on its stationary axle, and carrying a number of balanced passenger cars around its rim; -- so called after G. W. G. Ferris, American engineer, who erected the first of its kind for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.

Ferro-concrete (n.) Concrete strengthened by a core or foundation skeleton of iron or steel bars, strips, etc. Floors, columns, piles, water pipes, etc., have been successfully made of it. Called also armored concrete steel, and reenforced concrete.

Fiesta (n.) Among Spanish, a religious festival; a saint's day or holiday; also, a holiday or festivity.

Figuline (a.) Suitable for the making of pottery; fictile; -- said of clay.

Figuline (a.) Made of clay, as by the potter; -- said of vessels, ornamental figures, or the like; as, figuline ware.

Filarial (a.) Of, pertaining to, or caused by, filariae and allied parasitic worms.

Filarial (a.) Straight, as if in a line; as, the filarial flight of birds.

Filariasis (n.) The presence of filariae in the blood; infection with filariae.

Filasse (n.) Vegetable fiber, as jute or ramie, prepared for manufacture.

File closer () A commissioned or noncommissioned officer posted in the rear of a line, or on the flank of a column, of soldiers, to rectify mistakes and insure steadiness and promptness in the ranks.

Filiation (n.) Descent from, or as if from, a parent; relationship like that of a son; as, to determine the filiation of a language.

Filiation (n.) One that is derived from a parent or source; an offshoot; as, the filiations are from a common stock.

Filioque (n.) The Latin for, "and from the Son," equivalent to et filio, inserted by the third council of Toledo (a. d. 589) in the clause qui ex Patre procedit (who proceedeth from the Father) of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (a. d. 381), which makes a creed state that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son as well as from the Father. Hence, the doctrine itself (not admitted by the Eastern Church).

Filipinos (pl. ) of Filipino

Filipino (n.) A native of the Philippine Islands, specif. one of Spanish descent or of mixed blood.

Fill (n.) That which fills; filling; specif., an embankment, as in railroad construction, to fill a hollow or ravine; also, the place which is to be filled.

Filled cheese () An inferior kind of cheese made from skim milk with a fatty "filling," such as oleomargarine or lard, to replace the fat removed in the cream.

Filler (n.) A composition, as of powdered silica and oil, used to fill the pores and grain of wood before applying paint, varnish, etc.

Filler (n.) Any standing tree or standard higher than the surrounding coppice in the form of forest known as coppice under standards. Chiefly used in the pl.

Film (n.) The layer, usually of gelatin or collodion, containing the sensitive salts of photographic plates; also, the flexible sheet of celluloid or the like on which this layer is sometimes mounted.

Filoselle (n.) A kind of silk thread less glossy than floss, and spun from coarser material. It is much used in embroidery instead of floss.

Fils (n.) Son; -- sometimes used after a French proper name to distinguish a son from his father, as, Alexandre Dumas, fils.

Fin (n.) A fixed stabilizing surface, usually vertical, similar in purpose to a bilge keel on a ship.

Finalist (n.) Any of the players who meet in the final round of a tournament in which the losers in any round do not play again.

Financed (imp. & p. p.) of Finance

Financing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Finance

Finance (v. t. & i.) To conduct the finances of; to provide for, and manage, the capital for; to financier.

Finbat kite () = Eddy kite.

Finder (n.) A slide ruled in squares, so as to assist in locating particular points in the field of vision.

Fin de siecle () Lit., end of the century; -- mostly used adjectively in English to signify: belonging to, or characteristic of, the close of the 19th century; modern; "up-to-date;" as, fin-de-siecle ideas.

Fine (adv.) Finely; well; elegantly; fully; delicately; mincingly.

Fine (adv.) In a manner so that the driven ball strikes the object ball so far to one side as to be deflected but little, the object ball being driven to one side.

Fine (v. i.) To become fine (in any one of various senses); as, the ale will fine; the weather fined.

Finjan (n.) In the Levant, a small coffee cup without a handle, such as is held in a cup or stand called a zarf.

Fin keel () A projection downward from the keel of a yacht, resembling in shape the fin of a fish, though often with a cigar-shaped bulb of lead at the bottom, and generally made of metal. Its use is to ballast the boat and also to enable her to sail close to the wind and to make the least possible leeway by offering great resistance to lateral motion through the water.

Finsen light () Highly actinic light, derived from sunlight or from some form of electric lamp, used in the treatment of lupus and other cutaneous affections.

Fireball (n.) Ball, or globular, lightning.

Fireroom (n.) Same as Stokehold, below.

Firing pin () In the breech mechanism of a firearm, the pin which strikes the head of the cartridge and explodes it.

Flacherie (n.) A bacterial disease of silkworms, supposed to be due to eating contaminated mulberry leaves.

Flacon (n.) A small glass bottle; as, a flacon for perfume.

Flag (n.) One of the wing feathers next the body of a bird; -- called also flag feather.

Flag (v. t.) To decoy (game) by waving a flag, handkerchief, or the like to arouse the animal's curiosity.

Flair (n.) Smell; odor.

Flair (n.) Sense of smell; scent; fig., discriminating sense.

Flake (n.) A flat layer, or fake, of a coiled cable.

Flambe (a.) Decorated by glaze splashed or irregularly spread upon the surface, or apparently applied at the top and allowed to run down the sides; -- said of pieces of Chinese porcelain.

Flanerie (n.) Lit., strolling; sauntering; hence, aimless; idleness; as, intellectual flanerie.

Flannel flower () The common mullein.

Flannel flower () A Brazilian apocynaceous vine (Macrosiphonia longiflora) having woolly leaves.

Flannel flower () An umbelliferous Australian flower (Actinotus helianthi), often erroneously thought to be composite. The involucre looks as if cut out of white flannel.

Flare (n.) A defect in a photographic objective such that an image of the stop, or diaphragm, appears as a fogged spot in the center of the developed negative.

Flare-up (n.) A sudden bursting into flame; a flaring.

Flash boiler () A variety of water-tube boiler, used chiefly in steam automobiles, consisting of a nest of strong tubes with very little water space, kept nearly red hot so that the water as it trickles drop by drop into the tubes is immediately flashed into steam and superheated.

Flash burner () A gas burner with a device for lighting by an electric spark.

Flat (a.) Having a head at a very obtuse angle to the shaft; -- said of a club.

Flat (a.) Not having an inflectional ending or sign, as a noun used as an adjective, or an adjective as an adverb, without the addition of a formative suffix, or an infinitive without the sign to. Many flat adverbs, as in run fast, buy cheap, are from AS. adverbs in -e, the loss of this ending having made them like the adjectives. Some having forms in ly, such as exceeding, wonderful, true, are now archaic.

Flat (a.) Flattening at the ends; -- said of certain fruits.

Flatware (n.) Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware.

Fleet (v. i.) To move or change in position; -- said of persons; as, the crew fleeted aft.

Fleet (v. t.) To move or change in position; used only in special phrases; as, of fleet aft the crew.

Fleuron (n.) A flower-shaped ornament, esp. one terminating an object or forming one of a series, as a knob of a cover to a dish, or a flower-shaped part in a necklace.

Flick (v. t.) To throw, snap, or toss with a jerk; to flirt; as, to flick a whiplash.

Flick (v. t.) A light quick stroke or blow, esp. with something pliant; a flirt; also, the sound made by such a blow.

Flier (n.) An aeroplane or flying machine.

Flitched (imp. & p. p.) of Flitch

Flitching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Flitch

Flitch (n.) To cut into, or off in, flitches or strips; as, to flitch logs; to flitch bacon.

Flite (n.) Alt. of Flyte

Flyte (n.) Strife; dispute; abusive or upbraiding talk, as in fliting; wrangling.

Flitting (n.) Alt. of Flytting

Flytting (n.) Contention; strife; scolding; specif., a kind of metrical contest between two persons, popular in Scotland in the 16th century.

Floater () A voter who shifts from party to party, esp. one whose vote is purchasable.

Floater () A person, as a delegate to a convention or a member of a legislature, who represents an irregular constituency, as one formed by a union of the voters of two counties neither of which has a number sufficient to be allowed a (or an extra) representative of its own.

Floater () A person who votes illegally in various polling places or election districts, either under false registration made by himself or under the name of some properly registered person who has not already voted.

Floating (n.) The process of rendering oysters and scallops plump by placing them in fresh or brackish water; -- called also fattening, plumping, and laying out.

Floating charge () Alt. of lien

lien () A charge, lien, etc., that successively attaches to such assets as a person may have from time to time, leaving him more or less free to dispose of or encumber them as if no such charge or lien existed.

Flocculate (v. t.) To convert into floccules or flocculent aggregates; to make granular or crumbly; as, the flocculating of a soil improves its mechanical condition.

Floccule (n.) A detached mass of loosely fibrous structure like a shredded tuft of wool.

Floccule (n.) Specif.: A small particle of an insoluble substance formed in a liquid by the union of smaller particles.

Flocculent (a.) Having a structure like shredded wool, as some precipitates.

Flong (n.) A compressed mass of paper sheets, forming a matrix or mold for stereotype plates.

Floriation (n.) Ornamentation by means of flower forms, whether closely imitated or conventionalized.

Floriation (n.) Any floral ornament or decoration.

Floss (n.) A body feather of an ostrich. Flosses are soft, and gray from the female and black from the male.

Flotation (n.) Act of financing, or floating, a commercial venture or an issue of bonds, stock, or the like.

Flotation process () A process of separating the substances contained in pulverized ore or the like by depositing the mixture on the surface of a flowing liquid, the substances that are quickly wet readily overcoming the surface tension of the liquid and sinking, the others flowing off in a film or slime on the surface, though, perhaps, having a greater specific gravity than those that sink.

Flower State () Florida; -- a nickname, alluding to sense of L. floridus, from florida flowery. See Florid.

Flue (n.) In an organ flue pipe, the opening between the lower lip and the languet.

Flue pipe () A pipe, esp. an organ pipe, whose tone is produced by the impinging of a current of air upon an edge, or lip, causing a wave motion in the air within; a mouth pipe; -- distinguished from reed pipe. Flue pipes are either open or closed (stopped at the distant end). The flute and flageolet are open pipes; a bottle acts as a closed pipe when one blows across the neck. The organ has both open and closed flue pipes, those of metal being usually round in section, and those of wood triangular or square.

Fluff (v. t. & i.) To make or become fluffy; to move lightly like fluff.

Fluked (imp. & p. p.) of Fluke

Fluking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Fluke

Fluke (v. t. & i.) To get or score by a fluke; as, to fluke a play in billiards.

Fluorescence (n.) A property possessed by fluor spar, uranium glass, sulphide of calcium, and many other substances, of glowing without appreciable rise of temperature when exposed to light or to ultra-violet rays, cathode rays, X rays, etc.

Fluoroscope (n.) A fluorescent screen, with hood to protect the eyes, used for observing the shadows cast by objects placed in the path of the X rays.

Fluoroscopy (n.) Examination of an object, as the human body, by exposing it to the X rays and observing the shadow cast upon a fluorescent screen; cryptoscopy.

Flush (v. t.) To cause by flow; to draw water from, or pour it over or through (a pond, meadow, sewer, etc.); to cleanse by means of a rush of water.

Flush (v. i.) To operate a placer mine, where the continuous supply of water is insufficient, by holding back the water, and releasing it periodically in a flood.

Flush (v. i.) To fill underground spaces, especially in coal mines, with material carried by water, which, after drainage, constitutes a compact mass.

Fluviograph (n.) An instrument for measuring and recording automatically the rise and fall of a river.

Fluviometer (n.) An instrument for measuring the height of water in a river; a river gauge.

Fly (v. t.) To manage (an aircraft) in flight; as, to fly an aeroplane.

Fly (n.) Waste cotton.

Fly amanita () Alt. of Fly fungus

Fly fungus () A poisonous mushroom (Amanita muscaria, syn. Agaricus muscarius), having usually a bright red or yellowish cap covered with irregular white spots. It has a distinct volva at the base, generally an upper ring on the stalk, and white spores. Called also fly agaric, deadly amanita.

Flyaway (a.) Disposed to fly away; flighty; unrestrained; light and free; -- used of both persons and things.

Flyaway (n.) A flyaway person or thing.

Flyaway grass () The hair grass (Agrostis scabra). So called from its light panicle, which is blown to great distances by the wind.

Flying boat () A compact form of hydro-aeroplane having one central body, or hull.

Foehn (n.) A warm dry wind that often blows in the northern valleys of the Alps, due to the indraught of a storm center passing over Central Europe. The wind, heated by compression in its descent from the mountains, reaches the base, particularly in winter, dry and warm.

Foehn (n.) Any similar wind, as the chinook, in other parts of the world.

Fog (n.) Cloudiness or partial opacity of those parts of a developed film or a photograph which should be clear.

Fog (v. t.) To render semiopaque or cloudy, as a negative film, by exposure to stray light, too long an exposure to the developer, etc.

Fog belt () A region of the ocean where fogs are of marked frequency, as near the coast of Newfoundland.

Fogbow (n.) A nebulous arch, or bow, of white or yellowish light sometimes seen in fog, etc.

Fogy (n.) In the United States service, extra pay granted to officers for length of service.

Folkething (n.) The lower house of the Danish Rigsdag, or Parliament. See Legislature, below.

Follow (n.) The art or process of following; specif., in some games, as billiards, a stroke causing a ball to follow another ball after hitting it. Also used adjectively; as, follow shot.

Following edge () See Advancing-edge, above.

Following surface () See Advancing-surface, above.

Foment (n.) Fomentation.

Foment (n.) State of excitation; -- perh. confused with ferment.

Fond (n.) Foundation; bottom; groundwork;

Fond (n.) The ground.

Fond (n.) The broth or juice from braised flesh or fish, usually served as a sauce.

Fond (n.) Fund, stock, or store.

Fondant (n.) A kind of soft sweetmeat made by boiling solutions to the point of crystallization, usually molded; as, cherry fondant.

Fondu (a.) Blending; passing into each other by subtle gradations; -- said of colors or of the surface or material on which the colors are laid.

Fondu () A dish made of cheese, eggs, butter, etc., melted together.

Foot candle () The amount of illumination produced by a standard candle at a distance of one foot.

Foot ton () A unit of energy or work, being equal to the work done in raising one ton against the force of gravity through the height of one foot.

Foot valve () A suction valve or check valve at the lower end of a pipe; esp., such a valve in a steam-engine condenser opening to the air pump.

Foozled (imp. & p. p.) of Foozle

Foozling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Foozle

Foozle (v. t. & i.) To bungle; to manage awkwardly; to treat or play unskillfully; as, to foozle a stroke in golf.

Foozle (n.) A stupid fellow; a fogy.

Foozle (n.) Act of foozling; a bungling stroke, as in golf.

Forcite (n.) A gelatin dynamite in which the dope is composed largely of sodium nitrate.

Forendihaz (n.) See Legislature.

Form (v. t.) To treat (plates) so as to bring them to fit condition for introduction into a storage battery, causing one plate to be composed more or less of spongy lead, and the other of lead peroxide. This was formerly done by repeated slow alternations of the charging current, but now the plates or grids are coated or filled, one with a paste of red lead and the other with litharge, introduced into the cell, and formed by a direct charging current.

Formalin (n.) An aqueous solution of formaldehyde, used as a preservative in museums and as a disinfectant.

Format (n.) The shape and size of a book; hence, its external form.

Formicate (v. i.) To creep or crawl like ants; swarm with, or as with, ants.

Forty-niner (n.) One of those who went to California in the rush for gold in 1849; an argonaut.

Fossick (v. i.) To search for gold by picking at stone or earth or among roots in isolated spots, picking over abandoned workings, etc.; hence, to steal gold or auriferous matter from another's claim.

Fossick (v. i.) To search about; to rummage.

Foucault current () An eddy current.

Foul (n.) In various games or sports, an act done contrary to the rules; a foul stroke, hit, play, or the like.

Fourchette (n.) The combination of the card immediately above and the one immediately below a given card.

Four-cycle (n.) A four-stroke cycle, as the Otto cycle, for an internal-combustion engine.

Foursome (a.) Consisting of four; requiring four participants.

Foursome (n.) A game between four players, with two on each side and each side playing but one ball, the partners striking alternately. It is called a mixed foursome when each side consists of a man and a woman.

Frame (n.) In games: (a) In pool, the triangular form used in setting up the balls; also, the balls as set up, or the round of playing required to pocket them all; as, to play six frames in a game of 50 points. (b) In bowling, as in tenpins, one of the several innings forming a game.

Frame-up (n.) A conspiracy or plot, esp. for a malicious or evil purpose, as to incriminate a person on false evidence.

Franc-tireur (n.) A French partisan soldier, or one belonging to a corps of detached light troops engaged in forays, skirmishes, scouting, etc.

Frappe (a.) Iced; frozen; artificially cooled; as, wine frappe.

Frappe (n.) A frappe mixture or beverage, as a water ice, variously flavored, frozen soft, and served in glasses.

Frapping (n.) A lashing binding a thing tightly or binding things together.

Frazzled (imp. & p. p.) of Frazzle

Frazzling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Frazzle

Frazzle (v. t.) To fray; to wear or pull into tatters or tag ends; to tatter; -- used literally and figuratively.

Frazzle (n.) The act or result of frazzling; the condition or quality of being frazzled; the tag end; a frayed-out end.

Frauen (pl. ) of Frau

Frau (n.) In Germany, a woman; a married woman; a wife; -- as a title, equivalent to Mrs., Madam.

Fraulein (n.sing. & pl.) In Germany, a young lady; an unmarried woman; -- as a title, equivalent to Miss.

Free coinage () In the fullest sense, the conversion of bullion (of any specified metal) into legal-tender coins for any person who chooses to bring it to the mint; in a modified sense, such coinage when done at a fixed charge proportionate to the cost of the operation.

Free silver () The free coinage of silver; often, specif., the free coinage of silver at a fixed ratio with gold, as at the ratio of 16 to 1, which ratio for some time represented nearly or exactly the ratio of the market values of gold and silver respectively.

Freewheel (n.) A clutch fitted in the rear hub of a cycle, which engages the rear sprocket with the rear wheel when the pedals are rotated forwards, but permits the rear wheel to run on free from the rear sprocket when the pedals are stopped or rotated backwards. Freewheelcycles are usually fitted with hub brakes or rim brakes, operated by back pedaling.

Freewheel (v. i.) Of a freewheel cycle, to run on while the pedals are held still.

Freewheel (v. i.) Of a person, to ride a cycle of this manner. To ride a freewheel cycle.

Freewheel (v. i.) To operate like a freewheel, so that one part moves freely over another which normally moves with it; -- said of a clutch.

Freiherrn (pl. ) of Freiherr

Freiherr (n.) In Germany and Austria, a baron.

Fremescent (a.) Becoming murmurous, roaring.

Fremitus (n., sing. & pl.) Palpable vibration or thrill; as, the rhonchial fremitus.

Friendly (n.) A friendly person; -- usually applied to natives friendly to foreign settlers or invaders.

Frijoles (pl. ) of Frijole

Frijol () Alt. of Frejol

Frijole () Alt. of Frejol

Frejol () In Mexico, the southwestern United States, and the West Indies, any cultivated bean of the genus Phaseolus, esp. the black seed of a variety of P. vulgaris.

Frejol () The beanlike seed of any of several related plants, as the cowpea. Frijoles are an important article of diet among Spanish-American peoples, being used as an ingredient of many dishes.

Fringe tree () A small oleaceous tree (Chionanthus virginica), of the southern United States, having clusters of white flowers with slender petals. It is often cultivated.

Frisette (n.) Alt. of Frizette

Frizette (n.) a fringe of hair or curls worn about the forehead by women.

Fritfly (n.) A small dipterous fly of the genus Oscinis, esp. O. vastator, injurious to grain in Europe, and O. Trifole, injurious to clover in America.

Frivol (v. i.) To act frivolously; to trifle.

Frizz (v. t. & i.) To fry, cook, or sear with a sizzling noise; to sizzle.

Frizzled (imp. & p. p.) of Frizzle

Frizzling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Frizzle

Frizzle (v. t. & i.) To fry, toast, or broil with a sputtering sound to cook with a sizzling noise. Also fig.

Frizzle (v. t. & i.) To cook, in certain way, so as to curl or crinkle up.

Froebelian (a.) Pertaining to, or derived from, Friedrich Froebel, or the kindergarten system of education, which he organized.

Froebelian (n.) One who teaches by, or advocates the use of, the kindergarten system.

Frog-eyed (a.) Spotted with whitish specks due to a disease, or produced artificially by spraying; -- said of tobacco used for cigar wrappers.

Front (n.) All the works along one side of the polygon inclosing the site which is fortified.

Front (n.) The middle of the upper part of the tongue, -- the part of the tongue which is more or less raised toward the palate in the pronunciation of certain sounds, as the vowel i in machine, e in bed, and consonant y in you. See Guide to Pronunciation, /10.

Front (n.) The call boy whose turn it is to answer the call, which is often the word "front," used as an exclamation.

Frostbow (n.) A white arc or circle in the sky attending frosty weather and formed by reflection of sunlight from ice crystals floating in the air; the parhelic circle whose center is at the zenith.

Frost signal () A signal consisting of a white flag with a black center, used by the United States Weather Bureau to indicate that a local frost is expected. It is used only in Florida and along the coasts of the Pacific and the Gulf Mexico.

Froufrou (n.) A rustling, esp. the rustling of a woman's dress.

Fu (n.) A department in China comprising several hsein; also, the chief city of a department; -- often forming the last part of a name; as, Paoting-fu.

Fudge (n.) A kind of soft candy composed of sugar or maple sugar, milk, and butter, and often chocolate or nuts, boiled and stirred to a proper consistency.

Full house () A hand containing three of a kind and a pair, as three kings and two tens. It ranks above a flush and below four of a kind.

-ria (pl. ) of Fumatorium

Fumatorium (n.) An air-tight compartment in which vapor may be generated to destroy germs or insects; esp., the apparatus used to destroy San Jose scale on nursery stock, with hydrocyanic acid vapor.

Fumatory (a.) Pert. to, or concerned with, smoking.

-ries (pl. ) of Fumatory

Fumatory (n.) A place for subjecting things to smoke or vapor.

Fume (n.) Solid material deposited by condensation of fumes; as, lead fume (a grayish powder chiefly lead sulphate).

Fumed oak () Oak given a weathered appearance by exposure in an air-tight compartment to fumes of ammonia from uncorked cans, being first given a coat of filler.

Fumet (n.) A high-flavored substance, such as extract of game, for flavoring dishes of food; less properly, a ragout of partridge and rabbit braised in wine.

Function (n.) A religious ceremony, esp. one particularly impressive and elaborate.

Function (n.) A public or social ceremony or gathering; a festivity or entertainment, esp. one somewhat formal.

Fungi (n. pl.) A group of thallophytic plants of low organization, destitute of chlorophyll, in which reproduction is mainly accomplished by means of asexual spores, which are produced in a great variety of ways, though sexual reproduction is known to occur in certain Phycomycetes, or so-called algal fungi.

Fungi Imperfecti (pl.) A heterogenous group of fungi of which the complete life history is not known. Some undoubtedly represent the conidium stages of various Ascomycetes. The group is divided into the orders Sphaeropsidales, Melanconiales, and Moniliales.

Funk (n.) One who funks; a shirk; a coward.

Funk (v. t.) To funk at; to flinch at; to shrink from (a thing or person); as, to funk a task.

Funk (v. t.) To frighten; to cause to flinch.

Fuse (n.) Alt. of Fuze

Fuze (n.) A wire, bar, or strip of fusible metal inserted for safety in an electric circuit. When the current increases beyond a certain safe strength, the metal melts, interrupting the circuit and thereby preventing possibility of damage.

Fusee (n.) A signal used principally for the protection of trains, consisting of a tube filled with a composition which burns with a bright colored light for a definite time.

Fusee (n.) A friction match for smokers' use having a bulbous head which when ignited is not easily blown out even in a gale of wind.

Fusee (n.) A kind of match made of paper impregnated with niter and having the usual igniting tip.

Fuselage (n.) An elongated body or frame of an aeroplane or flying machine; sometimes, erroneously, any kind of frame or body. Many aeroplanes have no fuselage, properly so called.

Fuse () Alt. of Fuze, plug

Fuze, plug () A plug fitted to the fuse hole of a shell to hold the fuse.

Fuze, plug () A fusible plug that screws into a receptacle, used as a fuse in electric wiring.

Futhorc (n.) Alt. of Futhork

Futhork (n.) The Runic alphabet; -- so called from the six letters f, u, / (th), o (or a), r, c (=k).

Futurism (n.) A movement or phase of post-impressionism (which see, below).

futz (v. i.) fool around; to act without plan or purpose; -- usually used with around; as, to futz around with a device without understanding its operation.

Gadhelic (a.) Of, belonging to, or designating, that division of the Celtic languages which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx.

Gadolinia (n.) A rare earth associated with yttria and regarded as the oxide (Gd2O3) of a metallic element, Gad`o*lin"i*um (/), with an assigned atomic weight of 153.3.

Gaekwar (n.) The title of the ruling Prince of Baroda, in Gujarat, in Bombay, India.

Gag law () A law or ruling prohibiting proper or free debate, as in closure.

Gainsborough hat () A woman's broad-brimmed hat of a form thought to resemble those shown in portraits by Thomas Gainsborough, the English artist (1727-88).

Galatea (n.) A kind of striped cotton fabric, usually of superior quality and striped with blue or red on white.

Galbe (n.) The general outward form of any solid object, as of a column or a vase.

Gallium (n.) A rare metallic element, found combined in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarkable for its low melting point (86¡ F., 30¡ C.). Symbol, Ga; at. wt., 69.9. Gallium is chiefly trivalent, resembling aluminium and indium. It was predicted with most of its properties, under the name eka-aluminium, by Mendelyeev on the basis of the periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery (in 1875) by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines).

Gallized (imp. & p. p.) of Gallize

Gallizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Gallize

Gallize (v. t.) In wine making, to add water and sugar to (unfermented grape juice) so as to increase the quantity of wine produced.

Galosh (n.) Same as Galoche, Galoshe.

Galosh (n.) A strip of material, as leather, running around a shoe at and above the sole, as for protection or ornament.

Gam (n.) A herd, or school, of whales.

Gam (n.) A visit between whalers at sea; a holding of social intercourse between those on different vessels at sea, or (Local U. S.) between persons ashore.

Gammed (imp. & p. p.) of Gam

Gam"ming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Gam

Gam (v. i.) To gather in a gam; -- said of whales.

Gam (v. i.) To engage in a gam, or (Local, U. S.) in social intercourse anywhere.

Gam (v. t.) To have a gam with; to pay a visit to, esp. among whalers at sea.

Gambeer (v. t.) To gaff, as mackerel.

Gamble (n.) An act of gambling; a transaction or proceeding involving gambling; hence, anything involving similar risk or uncertainty.

Gamete (n.) A sexual cell or germ cell; a conjugating cell which unites with another of like or unlike character to form a new individual. In Bot., gamete designates esp. the similar sex cells of the lower thallophytes which unite by conjugation, forming a zygospore. The gametes of higher plants are of two sorts, sperm (male) and egg (female); their union is called fertilization, and the resulting zygote an oospore. In Zool., gamete is most commonly used of the sexual cells of certain Protozoa, though also extended to the germ cells of higher forms.

Gametophyte (n.) In the alternation of generations in plants, that generation or phase which bears sex organs. In the lower plants, as the algae, the gametophyte is the conspicuous part of the plant body; in mosses it is the so-called moss plant; in ferns it is reduced to a small, early perishing body; and in seed plants it is usually microscopic or rudimentary.

Gamma rays () Very penetrating rays not appreciably deflected by a magnetic or electric field, emitted by radioactive substances. The prevailing view is that they are non-periodic ether pulses differing from Rontgen rays only in being more penetrating.

Gamp (n.) A large umbrella; -- said to allude to Mrs. Gamp's umbrella, in Dickens's "Martin Chuzzlewit."

Ganancial (a.) Designating, pertaining to, or held under, the Spanish system of law (called ganancial system) which controls the title and disposition of the property acquired during marriage by the husband or wife.

Ganged (imp. & p. p.) of Gange

Ganging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Gange

Gange (v. t.) To protect (the part of a line next a fishhook, or the hook itself) by winding it with wire.

Gange (v. t.) To attach (a fishhook) to a line or snell, as by knotting the line around the shank of the hook.

Ganz system () A haulage system for canal boats, in which an electric locomotive running on a monorail has its adhesion materially increased by the pull of the tow rope on a series of inclined gripping wheels.

Gap (n.) The vertical distance between two superposed surfaces, esp. in a biplane.

Gapeseed (n.) A person who looks or stares gapingly.

Garage (n.) A place for housing automobiles.

Garage (n.) A shed for housing an airship or flying machine; a hangar.

Garage (n.) A side way or space in a canal to enable vessels to pass each other; a siding.

Garaged (imp. & p. p.) of Garage

Garaging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Garage

Garage (v. t.) To keep in a garage.

Garcon (n.) A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.

Garde civique () See Army organization, above.

Garter stitch () The simplest stitch in knitting.

Gassed (imp. & p. p.) of Gas

Gassing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Gas

Gas (v. t.) To singe, as in a gas flame, so as to remove loose fibers; as, to gas thread.

Gas (v. t.) To impregnate with gas; as, to gas lime with chlorine in the manufacture of bleaching powder.

Gas (v. t.) to expose to a poisonous or noxious gas

Gas (n.) Gasoline.

Gaselier (n.) A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

Gas engine () A kind of internal-combustion engine (which see) using fixed gas; also, broadly, any internal-combustion engine.

Gasoline () Alt. of Gasolene, engine

Gasolene, engine () A kind of internal-combustion engine; -- in British countries called usually petrol engine.

Gatch (n.) Plaster as used in Persian architecture and decorative art.

Gaucho (n.) A member of an Indian population, somewhat affected by Spanish blood, in the archipelagoes off the Chilean coast.

Gauss (n.) The C.G.S. unit of density of magnetic field, equal to a field of one line of force per square centimeter, being thus adopted as an international unit at Paris in 1900; sometimes used as a unit of intensity of magnetic field. It was previously suggested as a unit of magnetomotive force.

Gaussage (n.) The intensity of a magnetic field expressed in C.G.S. units, or gausses.

Gavage (n.) Forced feeding (as of poultry or infants) by means of a tube passed through the mouth down to the stomach.

Gayley process () The process of removing moisture from the blast of an iron blast furnace by reducing its temperature so far that it will not remain suspended as vapor in the blast current, but will be deposited as snow in the cooling apparatus. The resultant uniformly dehydrated blast effects great economy in fuel consumption, and promotes regularity of furnace operation, and certainty of furnace control.

Geezer (n.) A queer old fellow; an old chap; an old woman.

Geisha (pl. ) of Geisha

Geishas (pl. ) of Geisha

Geisha (n.) A Japanese singing and dancing girl.

Generator (n.) Any machine that transforms mechanical into electrical energy; a dynamo.

Genip () Alt. of Genip tree

Genip tree () Any tree or shrub of the genus Genipa.

Genip tree () The West Indian sapindaceous tree Melicocca bijuga, which yields the honeyberry; also, the related trees Exothea paniculata and E. trifoliata.

Genoa cake () A rich glazed cake, with almonds, pistachios, filberts, or other nuts; also, a rich currant cake with almonds on the top.

Genre (n.) Kind; genus; class; form; style, esp. in literature.

Gentlemen's agreement () An agreement binding only as a matter of honor; often, specif., such an agreement among the heads of industrial or merchantile enterprises, the terms of which could not be included and enforced in a legal contract.

Gentoos (pl. ) of Gentoo

Gentoo (n.) A penguin (Pygosceles taeniata).

Geocentric (a.) Alt. of Geocentrical

Geocentrical (a.) Having, considering, or based on, the earth as center; as, the geocentric theory of the universe.

Geochemistry (n.) The study of the chemical composition of, and of actual or possible chemical changes in, the crust of the earth.

Georgian (a.) Of or pertaining to Georgia, one of the United States.

Georgian architecture () British or British colonial architecture of the period of the four Georges, especially that of the period before 1800.

Germ (n.) The germ cells, collectively, as distinguished from the somatic cells, or soma. Germ is often used in place of germinal to form phrases; as, germ area, germ disc, germ membrane, germ nucleus, germ sac, etc.

Germ cell () A cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of a new organism.

Germinal (a.) Of or pertaining to the germ, or germ cells, as distinguished from the somatic cells.

Germ theory () The theory that living organisms can be produced only by the development of living germs. Cf. Biogenesis, Abiogenesis.

Germ theory () The theory which attributes contagious and infectious diseases, suppurative lesions, etc., to the agency of germs. The science of bacteriology was developed after this theory had been established.

Gesso (n.) Plaster of Paris, or gypsum, esp. as prepared for use in painting, or in making bas-reliefs and the like; by extension, a plasterlike or pasty material spread upon a surface to fit it for painting or gilding, or a surface so prepared.

Gesso (n.) A work of art done in gesso.

Gesso duro () A variety of gesso which when dried becomes hard and durable, often used in making bas-relief casts, which are colored and mounted in elaborate frames.

Geusdism (n.) The Marxian socialism and programme of reform through revolution as advocated by the French political leader Jules Basile Guesde (pron. g/d) (1845- ).

Ghazal (n.) Alt. of Ghazel

Ghazel (n.) A kind of Oriental lyric, and usually erotic, poetry, written in recurring rhymes.

Ghazi (n.) Among Mohammedans, a warrior champion or veteran, esp. in the destruction of infidels.

Ghetto (n.) A quarter of a city where Jews live in greatest numbers.

Ghost dance () A religious dance of the North American Indians, participated in by both sexes, and looked upon as a rite of invocation the purpose of which is, through trance and vision, to bring the dancer into communion with the unseen world and the spirits of departed friends. The dance is the chief rite of the Ghost-dance, or Messiah, religion, which originated about 1890 in the doctrines of the Piute Wovoka, the Indian Messiah, who taught that the time was drawing near when the whole Indian race, the dead with the living, should be reunited to live a life of millennial happiness upon a regenerated earth. The religion inculcates peace, righteousness, and work, and holds that in good time, without warlike intervention, the oppressive white rule will be removed by the higher powers. The religion spread through a majority of the western tribes of the United States, only in the case of the Sioux, owing to local causes, leading to an outbreak.

Gibaros (pl. ) of Gibaro

Gibaro (n.) The offspring of a Spaniard and an Indian; a Spanish-Indian mestizo.

Gibraltar (n.) A strongly fortified town on the south coast of Spain, held by the British since 1704; hence, an impregnable stronghold.

Gibraltar (n.) A kind of candy sweetmeat, or a piece of it; -- called, in full, Gibraltar rock.

Gigue (n.) A piece of lively dance music, in two strains which are repeated; also, the dance.

Gitana (n. masc.) Alt. of Gitano

Gitano (n. masc.) A Spanish gypsy.

Give (v. t.) To afford a view of; as, his window gave the park.

Glace (a.) Coated with icing; iced; glazed; -- said of fruits, sweetmeats, cake, etc.

Glebae (pl. ) of Gleba

Gleba (n.) The chambered sporogenous tissue forming the central mass of the sporophore in puff balls, stinkhorns, etc.

Glee club () A club or company organized for singing glees, and (by extension) part songs, ballads, etc.

Glengarry () Alt. of Glengarry bonnet

Glengarry bonnet () A kind of Highland Scotch cap for men, with straight sides and a hollow top sloping to the back, where it is parted and held together by ribbons or strings.

Glide (n.) Movement of a glider, aeroplane, etc., through the air under gravity or its own movement.

Glide (v. i.) To move through the air by virtue of gravity or momentum; to volplane.

Gliding angle () The angle, esp. the least angle, at which a gliding machine or aeroplane will glide to earth by virtue of gravity without applied power.

Gliding machine () A construction consisting essentially of one or more aeroplanes for gliding in an inclined path from a height to the ground.

Glissade (n.) A sliding, as down a snow slope.

Glissade (n.) A dance step consisting of a glide or slide to one side.

Glockenspiel (n.) An instrument, originally a series of bells on an iron rod, now a set of flat metal bars, diatonically tuned, giving a bell-like tone when played with a mallet; a carillon.

Glost (n.) The lead glaze used for pottery.

Glycose (n.) One of a class of carbohydrates having from three to nine atoms of carbon in the molecules and having the constitution either of an aldehyde alcohol or of a ketone alcohol. Most glycoses have hydrogen and oxygen present in the proportion to form water, while the number of carbon atoms is usually equal to the number of atoms of oxygen.

Glycosometer (n.) An apparatus for determining the amount of sugar in diabetic urine.

Glyph (n.) A carved figure or character, incised or in relief; a carved pictograph; hence, a pictograph representing a form originally adopted for sculpture, whether carved or painted.

Go (n.) Something that goes or is successful; a success; as, he made a go of it; also, an agreement.

Gobang (n.) A Japanese game, played on a checkerboard, in which the object of the game is to be the first in placing five pieces, or men, in a row in any direction.

Gobstick (n.) A stick or device for removing the hook from a fish's gullet.

Gobstick (n.) A spoon.

Go-devil (n.) A weight which is dropped into a bore, as of an oil well, to explode a cartridge previously lowered.

Go-devil (n.) A device, as a loosely fitted plug, which is driven through a pipe by the pressure of the contents behind the plug to clear away obstructions.

Go-devil (n.) A rough sled or dray used for dragging logs, hauling stone, etc.

Going (p. pr.) That goes; in existence; available for present use or enjoyment; current; obtainable; also, moving; working; in operation; departing; as, he is of the brightest men going; going prices or rate.

Going (p. pr.) Carrying on its ordinary business; conducting business, or carried on, with an indefinite prospect of continuance; -- chiefly used in the phrases a going business, concern, etc.

Going (p. pr.) Of or pert. to a going business or concern; as, the going value of a company.

Golden State () California; -- a nickname alluding to its rich gold deposits.

Golfed (imp. & p. p.) of Golf

Golfing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Golf

Golf (v. i.) To play at golf.

Gondola (n.) An elongated car under a dirigible.

Gongorism (n.) An affected elegance or euphuism of style, for which the Spanish poet Gongora y Argote (1561-1627), among others of his time, was noted.

Goody (a.) Weakly or sentimentally good; affectedly good; -- often in the reduplicated form goody-goody.

Goose egg () In games, a zero; a score or record of naught; -- so named in allusion to the egglike outline of the zero sign 0. Called also duck egg.

Goose-rumped (a.) Having the tail set low and buttocks that fall away sharply from the croup; -- said of certain horses.

Gopher State () Minnesota; -- a nickname alluding to the abundance of gophers.

Gorge (n.) A primitive device used instead of a fishhook, consisting of an object easy to be swallowed but difficult to be ejected or loosened, as a piece of bone or stone pointed at each end and attached in the middle to a line.

Gorgonzola (n.) A kind of Italian pressed milk cheese; -- so called from a village near Milan.

Graffito (n.) Production of decorative designs by scratching them through a surface of layer plaster, glazing, etc., revealing a different-colored ground; also, pottery or ware so decorated; -- chiefly used attributively.

Graft (n.) Acquisition of money, position, etc., by dishonest or unjust means, as by actual theft or by taking advantage of a public office or any position of trust or employment to obtain fees, perquisites, profits on contracts, legislation, pay for work not done or service not performed, etc.; illegal or unfair practice for profit or personal advantage; also, anything thus gained.

Graft (n.) A "soft thing" or "easy thing;" a "snap."

Graftage (n.) The science of grafting, including the various methods of practice and details of operation.

Gramophone (n.) An instrument for recording, preserving, and reproducing sounds, the record being a tracing of a phonautograph etched in some solid material. Reproduction is accomplished by means of a system attached to an elastic diaphragm.

Granger railroads () Alt. of Granger roads

Granger roads () Certain railroads whose traffic largely consists in carrying the produce of farmers or grangers; -- specifically applied to the Chicago & Alton; Chicago, Burlington & Quincey; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; and Chicago & Northwestern, railroads.

Granger stocks () Alt. of shares

shares () Stocks or shares of the granger railroads.

Granite State () New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains, which are chiefly of granite.

Graph (n.) A curve or surface, the locus of a point whose coordinates are the variables in the equation of the locus.

Graph (n.) A diagram symbolizing a system of interrelations by spots, all distinguishable from one another and some connected by lines of the same kind.

Graphology () The system or notation used in dealing with graphs.

Graphophone (n.) A kind of photograph.

Graphoscope (n.) An optical device for showing (or photographing) an image when projected upon the atmosphere as a screen.

Gratin (n.) The brown crust formed upon a gratinated dish; also, dish itself, as crusts bread, game, or poultry.

Gratinate (v. t.) To cook, as macaroni, in a savory juice or sauce until juice is absorbed and a crisp surface forms.

Grating (n.) A system of close equidistant parallel lines or bars, esp. lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction. Gratings have been made with over 40,000 such lines to the inch, but those with a somewhat smaller number give the best definition.

Grease cock () Alt. of cup

Cup () A cock or cup containing grease, to serve as a lubricator.

Great White Way () Broadway, in New York City, in the neighborhood chiefly occupied by theaters, as from about 30th Street about 50th Street; -- so called from its brilliant illumination at night.

Greek calendar () Any of various calendars used by the ancient Greek states.

Greek calendar () The Julian calendar, used in the Greek Church.

Greek calends () Alt. of kalends

kalends () A time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

Greyhound (n.) A swift steamer, esp. an ocean steamer.

Grid (n.) A plate or sheet of lead with perforations, or other irregularities of surface, by which the active material of a secondary battery or accumulator is supported.

Griff (n.) A person of mixed blood.

Griffe (n.) A person of mixed negro and American Indian blood.

Griffon (n.) One of a European breed of rough-coated dogs, somewhat taller than the setter and of a grizzly liver color. They are used in hunt game birds. The Brussels griffon is a very small, wiry-coated, short-nosed pet dog of Belgian origin.

Grill (n.) A figure of crossed bars with interstices, such as those sometimes impressed upon postage stamps.

Grill (n.) A grillroom.

Grill (v. t.) To stamp or mark with a grill.

Grill (v. i.) To undergo the process of being grilled, or broiled; to broil.

Grillroom (n.) A room specially fitted for broiling food, esp. one in a restaurant, hotel, or club/house, arranged for prompt service.

Gringo (n.) Among Spanish Americans, a foreigner, esp. an Englishman or American; -- often used as a term of reproach.

Grip (n.) Specif., an apparatus attached to a car for clutching a traction cable.

Grip (n.) A gripsack; a hand bag; a satchel.

Grip (n.) The influenza; grippe.

Grip car () A car with a grip to clutch a traction cable.

Grizzle (v. t. & i.) To make or become grizzly, or grayish.

Grizzle (v. i. & t.) To worry; to fret; to bother; grumble.

Grobian (a.) A rude or clownish person; boor; lout.

Grolier (n.) The name by which Jean Grolier de Servier (1479-1565), a French bibliophile, is commonly known; -- used in naming a certain style of binding, a design, etc.

Grotesquery (n.) Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings.

Grundyism (n.) Narrow and unintelligent conventionalism.

Guaiacol (n.) A colorless liquid, C7H8O2, with a peculiar odor. It is the methyl ether of pyrocatechin, and is obtained by distilling guaiacum from wood-tar creosote, and in other ways. It has been used in treating pulmonary tuberculosis.

Guest (n.) Any insect that lives in the nest of another without compulsion and usually not as a parasite.

Guest (n.) An inquiline.

Guide rope () A rope hung from a balloon or dirigible so as trail along the ground for about half its length, used to preserve altitude automatically, by variation of the length dragging on the ground, without loss of ballast or gas.

Guilloche (n.) In ornamental art, any pattern made by interlacing curved lines.

Guimpe (n.) A kind of short chemisette, worn with a low-necked dress.

Guinea-pig director () A director (usually one holding a number of directorships) who serves merely or mainly for the fee (in England, often a guinea) paid for attendance.

Guttersnipe (n.) A small poster, suitable for a curbstone.

Guttersnipe (n.) A curbstone broker.

Gypsy () Alt. of Gipsy, moth

Gipsy, moth () A tussock moth (Ocneria dispar) native of the Old World, but accidentally introduced into eastern Massachusetts about 1869, where its caterpillars have done great damage to fruit, shade, and forest trees of many kinds. The male gypsy moth is yellowish brown, the female white, and larger than the male. In both sexes the wings are marked by dark lines and a dark lunule. The caterpillars, when full-grown, have a grayish mottled appearance, with blue tubercles on the anterior and red tubercles on the posterior part of the body, all giving rise to long yellow and black hairs. They usually pupate in July and the moth appears in August. The eggs are laid on tree trunks, rocks, etc., and hatch in the spring.

Hack (v. i.) To ride or drive as one does with a hack horse; to ride at an ordinary pace, or over the roads, as distinguished from riding across country or in military fashion.

Hack (v. t.) To kick the shins of (an opposing payer).

Hack (n.) A kick on the shins, or a cut from a kick.

Hade (n.) The deviation of a fault plane from the vertical.

Haematolysis (n.) Dissolution of the red blood corpuscles with diminished coagulability of the blood; haemolysis.

Haemol (n.) A dark brown powder containing iron, prepared by the action of zinc dust as a reducing agent upon the coloring matter of the blood, used medicinally as a hematinic.

Haemolysis (a.) Alt. of Haemlytic

Haemlytic (a.) Same as Haematolysis, Haematolytic.

Hague Tribunal () The permanent court of arbitration created by the "International Convention for the Pacific Settle of International Disputes.", adopted by the International Peace Conference of 1899. It is composed of persons of known competency in questions of international law, nominated by the signatory powers. From these persons an arbitration tribunal is chosen by the parties to a difference submitted to the court. On the failure of the parties to agree directly on the arbitrators, each chooses two arbitrators, an umpire is selected by them, by a third power, or by two powers selected by the parties.

Haikwan (n.) Chinese maritime customs.

Haikwan tael () A Chinese weight (/ catty) equivalent to 1/ oz. or 37.801 g.

Half nelson () A hold in which one arm is thrust under the corresponding arm of the opponent, generally behind, and the hand placed upon the back of his neck. In the full nelson both hands are so placed.

Half tone (n.) Alt. of Half-tone

Half-tone (n.) An intermediate or middle tone in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a middle tint, neither very dark nor very light.

Half-tone (n.) A half-tone photo-engraving.

Half-tone (n.) A half step.

Half-tone (a.) Having, consisting of, or pertaining to, half tones;

Half-tone (a.) pertaining to or designating plates, processes, or the pictures made by them, in which gradation of tone in the photograph is reproduced by a graduated system of dotted and checkered spots, usually nearly invisible to the unaided eye, produced by the interposition between the camera and the object of a screen. The name alludes to the fact that this process was the first that was practically successful in reproducing the half tones of the photograph.

Hallstatt (a.) Alt. of Hallstattian

Hallstattian (a.) Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt civilization.

Halma (n.) A game played on a board having 256 squares, by two persons with 19 men each, or by four with 13 men each, starting from different corners and striving to place each his own set of men in a corresponding position in the opposite corner by moving them or by jumping them over those met in progress.

Halve (v. t.) Of a hole, match, etc., to reach or play in the same number of strokes as an opponent.

Hamal (n.) In Turkey and other Oriental countries, a porter or burden bearer; specif., in Western India, a palanquin bearer.

Hamfatter (n.) A low-grade actor or performer.

Hammer (n.) A spherical weight attached to a flexible handle and hurled from a mark or ring. The weight of head and handle is usually not less than 16 pounds.

Hammer break () An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven.

Hammer lock () A hold in which an arm of one contestant is held twisted and bent behind his back by his opponent.

Hand (n.) A gambling game played by American Indians, consisting of guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or the like, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.

Handball (n.) A ball for throwing or using with the hand.

Handball (n.) A game played with such a ball, as by players striking it to and fro between them with the hands, or alternately against a wall, until one side or the other fails to return the ball.

Hang (v. i.) Of a ball: To rebound unexpectedly or unusually slowly, due to backward spin on the ball or imperfections of ground.

Hang (v. t.) To prevent from reaching a decision, esp. by refusing to join in a verdict that must be unanimous; as, one obstinate juror can hang a jury.

Hank (n.) A throw in which a wrestler turns his left side to his opponent, twines his left leg about his opponent's right leg from the inside, and throws him backward.

Hanukka (n.) Alt. of Hanukkah

Hanukkah (n.) The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas Maccabaeus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165 b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59). The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days (beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December), and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the Jews.

-taroth (pl. ) of Haphtarah

Haphtarah (n.) One of the lessons from the Nebiim (or Prophets) read in the Jewish synagogue on Sabbaths, feast days, fasts, and the ninth of Ab, at the end of the service, after the parashoth, or lessons from the Law. Such a practice is evidenced in Luke iv.17 and Acts xiii.15.

Hard steel () Steel hardened by the addition of other elements, as manganese, phosphorus, or (usually) carbon.

Harvey process () A process of hardening the face of steel, as armor plates, invented by Hayward A. Harvey of New Jersey, consisting in the additional carburizing of the face of a piece of low carbon steel by subjecting it to the action of carbon under long-continued pressure at a very high heat, and then to a violent chilling, as by a spray of cold water. This process gives an armor plate a thick surface of extreme hardness supported by material gradually decreasing in hardness to the unaltered soft steel at the back.

Haulabout (n.) A bargelike vessel with steel hull, large hatchways, and coal transporters, for coaling war vessels from its own hold or from other colliers.

Havier (n.) A castrated deer.

Hawkeye State () Iowa; -- a nickname of obscure origin.

Hazard (n.) Any place into which the ball may not be safely played, such as bunkers, furze, water, sand, or other kind of bad ground.

Headwater (n.) The source and upper part of a stream; -- commonly used in the plural; as, the headwaters of the Missouri.

Hebrew calendar () = Jewish calendar.

Heckerism (n.) The teaching of Isaac Thomas Hecker (1819-88), which interprets Catholicism as promoting human aspirations after liberty and truth, and as the religion best suited to the character and institutions of the American people.

Heckerism (n.) Improperly, certain views or principles erroneously ascribed to Father Hecker in a French translation of Elliott's Life of Hecker. They were condemned as "Americanism" by the Pope, in a letter to Cardinal Gibbons, January 22, 1899.

Heckle (v. t.) To interrogate, or ply with questions, esp. with severity or antagonism, as a candidate for the ministry.

Hedgehog (n.) A variety of transformer with open magnetic circuit, the ends of the iron wire core being turned outward and presenting a bristling appearance, whence the name.

Heel (n.) The part of the face of the club head nearest the shaft.

Heel (n.) In a carding machine, the part of a flat nearest the cylinder.

Heel (v. t.) To hit (the ball) with the heel of the club.

Heel (v. t.) To make (a fair catch) standing with one foot advanced, the heel on the ground and the toe up.

Heelpath (n.) The bank of a canal opposite, and corresponding to, that of the towpath; berm.

-raaden (pl. ) of Heemraad

Heemraad (n.) In Holland, and, until the 19th century, also in Cape Colony, a council to assist a local magistrate in the government of rural districts; hence, also, a member of such a council.

Hefte (pl. ) of Heft

Heft (n.) A number of sheets of paper fastened together, as for a notebook; also, a part of a serial publication.

Heliogram (n.) A message transmitted by a heliograph.

Heliograph (v. t.) To telegraph, or signal, with a heliograph.

Heliograph (v. t.) To photograph by sunlight.

Heliographic (a.) Of or pertaining to a description of the sun.

Heliography (n.) The description of the sun.

Heliography (n.) The system, art, or practice of telegraphing, or signaling, with the heliograph.

Heliography (n.) An early photographic process invented by Nicephore Niepce, and still used in photo-engraving. It consists essentially in exposing under a design or in a camera a polished metal plate coated with a preparation of asphalt, and subsequently treating the plate with a suitable solvent. The light renders insoluble those parts of the film which is strikes, and so a permanent image is formed, which can be etched upon the plate by the use of acid.

Heliogravure (n.) A plate or picture made by the process of heliogravure.

Helium (n.) An inert, monoatomic, gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere of the sun and stars, and in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere, in several minerals and in certain mineral waters. Symbol, He; at. wt., 4. Helium was first detected spectroscopically in the sun by Lockyer in 1868; it was first prepared by Ramsay in 1895. Helium has a density of 1.98 compared with hydrogen, and is more difficult to liquefy than the latter. Chemically, it belongs to the argon group and cannot be made to form compounds. It is a decomposition product of the radium emanation.

Hematinic (n.) Any substance, such as an iron salt or organic compound containing iron, which when ingested tends to increase the hemoglobin contents of the blood.

Henrietta cloth () A fine wide wooled fabric much used for women's dresses.

Heppelwhite (a.) Designating a light and elegant style developed in England under George III., chiefly by Messrs. A.Heppelwhite & Co.

Hermit (n.) A spiced molasses cooky, often containing chopped raisins and nuts.

Herrenhaus (n.) See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

Hertzian (a.) Of or pert. to the German physicist Heinrich Hertz.

Herzog (n.) A member of the highest rank of nobility in Germany and Austria, corresponding to the British duke.

-rae (pl. ) of Hetaira

Hetaera (n.) Alt. of Hetaira

Hetaira (n.) A female paramour; a mistress, concubine, or harlot.

Heteroecious (a.) Passing through the different stages in its life history on an alternation of hosts, as the common wheat-rust fungus (Puccinia graminis), and certain other parasitic fungi; -- contrasted with autoecious.

Hexagram (n.) A figure of six lines

Hexagram (n.) A figure composed of two equal triangles intersecting so that each side of one triangle is parallel to a side of the other, and the six points coincide with those of a hexagon.

Hexagram (n.) In Chinese literature, one of the sixty-four figures formed of six parallel lines (continuous or broken), forming the basis of the Yih King, or "Book of Changes."

Hexose (n.) Any member of a group of sugars containing six carbon atoms in the molecule. Some are widely distributed in nature, esp. in ripe fruits.

Hidrosis (n.) Excretion of sweat; perspiration.

Hidrosis (n.) Excessive perspiration; also, any skin disease characterized by abnormal perspiration.

Hidrotic (a.) Causing perspiration; diaphoretic or sudorific.

Hidrotic (n.) A medicine that causes perspiration; a diaphoretic or a sudorific.

Highboy (n.) One who lives high; also, in politics, a highflyer.

Highboy (n.) A kind of set of drawers.

Higher criticism () Criticism which includes the study of the contents, literary character, date, authorship, etc., of any writing; as, the higher criticism of the Pentateuch. Called also historical criticism.

Higher-up (n.) A superior officer or official; -- used chiefly in pl.

Higher thought () See New thought, below.

High five () See Cinch (the game).

High steel () Steel containing a high percentage of carbon; high-carbon steel.

Hiked (imp. & p. p.) of Hike

Hiking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Hike

Hike (v. t.) To move with a swing, toss, throw, jerk, or the like.

Hike (v. i.) To hike one's self; specif., to go with exertion or effort; to tramp; to march laboriously.

Hike (n.) The act of hiking; a tramp; a march.

Hindoo () Alt. of Hindu, calendar

Hindu, calendar () A lunisolar calendar of India, according to which the year is divided into twelve months, with an extra month inserted after every month in which two new moons occur (once in three years).

Hinterland (n.) The land or region lying behind the coast district. The term is used esp. with reference to the so-called doctrine of the hinterland, sometimes advanced, that occupation of the coast supports a claim to an exclusive right to occupy, from time to time, the territory lying inland of the coast.

Hipe () Alt. of Hype

Hype () A throw in which the wrestler lifts his opponent from the ground, swings him to one side, knocks up his nearer thigh from the back with the knee, and throws him on his back.

Hiped (imp. & p. p.) of Hipe

Hiping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Hipe

Hipe (v. t. & i.) To throw by means of a hipe.

Hip lock () A lock in which a close grip is obtained and a fall attempted by a heave over the hip.

Hippodrome (n.) A fraudulent contest with a predetermined winner.

-dromed (imp. & p. p.) of Hippodrome

-droming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Hippodrome

Hippodrome (v. i.) To arrange contests with predetermined winners.

Hire purchase () Alt. of Hire and purchase agreement

Hire purchase agreement () Alt. of Hire and purchase agreement

Hire and purchase agreement () A contract (more fully called contract of hire with an option of purchase) in which a person hires goods for a specified period and at a fixed rent, with the added condition that if he shall retain the goods for the full period and pay all the installments of rent as they become due the contract shall determine and the title vest absolutely in him, and that if he chooses he may at any time during the term surrender the goods and be quit of any liability for future installments upon the contract. In the United States such a contract is generally treated as a conditional sale, and the term hire purchase is also sometimes applied to a contract in which the hirer is not free to avoid future liability by surrender of the goods. In England, however, if the hirer does not have this right the contract is a sale.

Hittite (n.) A member of an ancient people (or perhaps group of peoples) whose settlements extended from Armenia westward into Asia Minor and southward into Palestine. They are known to have been met along the Orontes as early as 1500 b. c., and were often at war with the Egyptians and Assyrians. Especially in the north they developed a considerable civilization, of which numerous monuments and inscriptions are extant. Authorities are not agreed as to their race. While several attempts have been made to decipher the Hittite characters, little progress has yet been made.

Hittorf rays () Rays (chiefly cathode rays) developed by the electric discharge in Hittorf tubes.

Hittorf tube () A highly exhausted glass tube with metallic electrodes nearly in contact so as to exhibit the insulating effects of a vacuum. It was used by the German physicist W. Hittorf (b. 1824).

Hittorf tube () A Crookes tube.

Hob (n.) A peg, pin, or mark used as a target in some games, as an iron pin in quoits; also, a game in which such a target is used.

Hob (n.) The male ferret.

Hobble skirt () A woman's skirt so scant at the bottom as to restrain freedom of movement after the fashion of a hobble.

Hobos (pl. ) of Hobo

Hoboes (pl. ) of Hobo

Hobo (n.) A professional tramp; one who spends his life traveling from place to place, esp. by stealing rides on trains, and begging for a living.

Holarctic (a.) Of or pert. to the arctic regions collectively

Holarctic (a.) designating a realm or region including the northern parts of the Old and the New World. It comprises the Palearctic and Nearctic regions or subregions.

Hole (n.) A small cavity used in some games, usually one into which a marble or ball is to be played or driven; hence, a score made by playing a marble or ball into such a hole, as in golf.

Hole (n.) At Eton College, England, that part of the floor of the court between the step and the pepperbox.

Hole in the air () = Air hole, above.

Hollandaise sauce (n.) Alt. of Hollandaise

Hollandaise (n.) A sauce consisting essentially of a seasoned emulsion of butter and yolk of eggs with a little lemon juice or vinegar.

Holluschickie (n. sing. & pl.) A young male fur seal, esp. one from three to six years old; -- called also bachelor, because prevented from breeding by the older full-grown males.

Holstein (n.) One of a breed of cattle, originally from Schleswig-Holstein, valued for the large amount of milk produced by the cows. The color is usually black and white in irregular patches.

Home (n.) In various games, the ultimate point aimed at in a progress; goal

Home (n.) The plate at which the batter stands.

Home (n.) The place of a player in front of an opponent's goal; also, the player.

Homing (p.a.) Home-returning.

Hone (v. i.) To grumble; pine; lament; long.

-berries (pl. ) of Honeyberry

Honeyberry (n.) The fruit of either of two trees having sweetish berries: (a) An Old World hackberry (Celtis australis). (b) In the West Indies, the genip (Melicocca bijuga).